المشاركة السياسية وعلاقتها بالتعصب السياسي في المجتمع الكويتي: دراسة استكشافية

المراجع

برو، فليب. (1998). علم الاجتماع السياسي. ترجمة: محمد عرب، بيروت: المؤسسة الجامعية للدراسات والنشر.

عبدالله، عبد الله مختار. (2022). الخصائص السيكومترية لمقياس التعصب السياسي. مجلة الإرشاد النفسي، 70(4), 185-405.

العجمي، حجاج مبارك حجاج، والعجمي، ناصر مسلم، و الرشيدي، براك صنت عايض. (2016). المشاركة السياسية لطلبة كلية التربية الأساسية بدولة الكويت: دراسة ميدانية. مجلة التربية، 168(1)، 307-343.

كريم، خلفان. (2016). الثقافة الدستورية، المواطنة، والمشاركة السياسية للمرأة الجزائرية. مجلة القانون والمجتمع والسلطة، 5(1)، 37-56.

وطفة، علي أسعد. (2015). أبعاد المشاركة السياسية لطلاب جامعة الكويت، تأثير المتغيرات الأكاديمية والاجتماعية. مجلة التربية بجامعة الأزهر، 34(165)، 169-221.

Bosi, L., Lavizzari, A., & Portos, M. (2022). The impact of intolerance on young people’s online political participation. Politics, 42(1), 95–127. https://doi.org/10.1177/02633957211014453

Cheng, S. (1999) Political Participation in Hong Kong: Theoretical Issues and Historical Legacy. Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong.

Dahl, R. A. (1971). Polyarchy: Participation and opposition. Yale University Press.

Dalton, R. J. (2008). Citizenship norms and the expansion of political participation. Political Studies, 56(1), 76-98.

Dalton, R. J. (2008). Citizenship norms and the expansion of political participation. Political Studies, 56(1), 76-98.

Deželan, T. (2014) Young people and democratic life in Europe: what next after the 2014 European elections? European Youth Forum, Brussels.

Dowse, R. & Hughes, J. (1983), Political Sociology, John Wiley and Sons, New York.

Druckman, J. N., Levendusky, M., & McLain, A. (2018). No need to watch: How the effects of partisan media can spread via inter‐personal discussions. British Journal of Political Science, 48(4), 1-21.

Gibson, J. (1988). Political Intolerance and Political Repression During the McCarthy Red Scare. American Political Science Review, 82(2), 511-529. doi:10.2307/1957398

Gibson, J. (1992). The Political Consequences of Intolerance: Cultural Conformity and Political Freedom. American Political Science Review, 86(2), 338-356. doi:10.2307/1964224

Gibson, JL. (2005) On the nature of tolerance: Dichotomous or continuous? Political Behavior, 27(4): 313–323.

Giugni, M, & Morariu, M. (2010) Intolerance begets intolerance: Explaining negative attitudes towards foreigners and Muslims in Switzerland, 1996-2007. In: Hug S, Kriesi H (eds) Value Change in Switzerland. Lanham, MD: Lexington, pp.81–97.

Green, D. P., Palmquist, B., & Schickler, E. (2002). Partisan hearts and minds: Political parties and the social identities of voters. Yale University Press.

Huddy, L., & Feldman, S. (2020). The Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology. Oxford University Press.

Huddy, L., & Sears, D. O. (2015). The Oxford handbook of political psychology. Oxford University Press.

Hurwitz, J., & Mondak, J. (2002). Democratic Principles, Discrimination and Political Intolerance. British Journal of Political Science, 32(1), 93-118. doi:10.1017/S0007123402000042

Iyer, R., Leach, C. W., & Crosby, F. (2003). White guilt and racial compensation: The benefits and limits of self-focus. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(1), 117-129.

Jost, J. T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A. W., & Sulloway, F. J. (2003). Political conservatism as motivated social cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129(3), 339-375.

Langmann, E. (2011) Rethinking the place of tolerance in education – Encountering otherness between acceptance and rejection. Nordic Studies in Education 31(2): 96–105.

Lavine, H., & West, S. K. (2019). The hostile audience: The effect of access to broadband internet on partisan affect. American Journal of Political Science, 63(4), 817-832.

Marcus, G. E., Sullivan, J. L., Theiss-Morse, E., & Wood, S. L. (1995). With Malice Toward Some: How People Make Civil Liverties Judgments. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Matt, H. & Nick, F. (2012) Young, People, Political Participation and Trust in Britain. Parliamentary Affairs, 65(1), 47–67, doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsr046

Melina, O. & Johann, L. (2015) Political intolerance: the role of intergroup threat and negative intergroup emotion, Journal of Psychology in Africa, 25:3, 208-215, DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2015.1065055

Milbrath, W, & Goel, L. (1977) Political Participation 2nd edition Maryland: United Press of America.

Moons, W. G., Mackie, D. M., & Garcia-Marques, L. (2019). The political influence of elites, masses, and their interaction. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 28(2), 129-134.

Norris, P. (2002). Democratic Phoenix: Reinventing Political Activism. Cambridge University Press.

Olson, M. (1965). The logic of collective action: Public goods and the theory of groups. Harvard University Press.

Pateman, C. (1970). Participation and democratic theory. Cambridge University Press.

Peffley, M., & Rohrschneider, R. (2003). Democratization and Political Tolerance in Seventeen Countries: A Multi-level Model of Democratic Learning. Political Research Quarterly, 56(3), 243–257. https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290305600301

Perry, B, & Olson, P. (2009) Cyberhate: The globalization of hate. Information & Communications Technology Law 18(2): 185–199.

Persson, M. (2015). Education and Political Participation. British Journal of Political Science, 45(3), 689-703. doi:10.1017/S0007123413000409

Petersen, M. B., & Slothuus, R. (2019). Echo chamber warnings and their impact on political attitudes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(16), 7661-7666.

Riker, W. H. (1968). The theory of political coalitions. Yale University Press.

Rosenstone, S. J., & Hansen, J. M. (1993). Mobilization, participation, and democracy in America. Macmillan.

Rosenstone, S. J., & Hansen, J. M. (1993). Mobilization, participation, and democracy in America. Macmillan.

Sherkat, D. E. (2014). Religion, politics, and polarization: How religiosity shapes political conflict. Social Forces, 92(3), 1093-1117.

Skitka, L. J., & Houston, D. A. (2021). The Psychology of Political Behavior (2nd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.

Stroud, NJ. (2010) Polarization and partisan selective exposure. Journal of Communication 60(3): 556–576.

Sullivan, J., Marcus, G., Feldman, S., & Piereson, J. (1981). The Sources of Political Tolerance: A Multivariate Analysis. American Political Science Review, 75(1), 92-106. doi:10.2307/1962161

Tremmel, J. (2006) Establishing intergenerational justice in national constitutions. Handbook of intergenerational justice, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK.

van Doorn, M. (2014) The nature of tolerance and the social circumstances in which it emerges. Current Sociology Review 62(6): 905–927.

Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., & Brady, H. E. (1995). Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics. Harvard University Press.

Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., & Brady, H. E. (1995). Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics. Harvard University Press.

Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., & Brady, H. E. (1995). Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics. Harvard University Press.

Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., Brady, H. E., & Nie, N. H. (1993). Race, ethnicity, and political resources: Participation in the United States. British Journal of Political Science, 23(04), 453-497.

Zaller, R. (1992) The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion. Cambridge University Press