The Issuance of Fatwas Using Artificial Intelligence Sharia Opinion and Impact on Scholarly Disagreement

Abstract

Idea of the Research: The issuance of fatwas is closely connected to real-world issues, including the emergence of artificial intelligence. There is a need and necessity to investigate the relationship between fatwa and AI.  Importance of the Research: The significance of this research lies in the widespread adoption of AI technologies, necessity of Islamic discourse to anticipate developments, the need for Islamic jurisprudence to address and establish an opinion or theological foundation for these AI innovations, an understanding the impact of AI on scholarly disagreements.  Problem of the Research: The research problem focuses on determining the permissibility of using AI in issuing fatwas, how to leverage AI in fatwa-issuance process, and its impact on scholarly disagreements. Objective of the Research: The research aims to clarify the methodology and ruling of using artificial intelligence in issuing fatwas, and to explain the impact of artificial intelligence on the differences of opinion among scholars. Methodology of the Research: The research employs both analytical and deductive methods.  Results of the Research: A key finding is that the permissibility of using AI in issuing fatwas varies based on the fatwa type. For fatwas that are not specific to an individual’s circumstances and do not require a balancing of interests (first type), AI can be used, provided the AI system is developed by a reliable source and the user has a sufficient understanding of the language used. However, for fatwas that are based on customs or are subject to changing circumstances (second type), relying on AI is not permissible. The study reveals the impact of AI on scholarly disagreements by identifying the majority opinion, understanding the foundational principles of different Islamic schools, and other insights that narrow the scope of jurisprudential disagreements and facilitate optimal utilization of these disagreements. Recommendations of the Research: The study suggests the need for ongoing research into the implications of AI, and emphasizes the importance of scholars remaining abreast of technological advancements.