Accepted Artical

** Articles in Print for Issue 159 June 2026 

 

 Differences between Face-to-face and Distance Learning Styles in Working Memory and Cognitive Load among Learners: A Comparative Study  
Dr. Fawzeah E. Al-Masoud                                     Dr. Tareq E. Al-Masoud  
College of Education – Kuwait University           College of Basic Education – PAAET  
State of Kuwait  
Abstract   
Objectives: The current study aimed at comparing learners’ performance on the working memory and cognitive load tests during distance learning, and the learning face-to-face; the study was conducted on 19 female students from the third grade of primary school at Al-Bahra School in the capital region of Kuwait; Methodology: the comparative descriptive approach was adopted. Results: the results of statistical processing using the Wilcoxon coefficient to reveal the difference between pre- and post-test showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level of working memory in favor of face-to-face learning, which contributed to increasing the efficiency of working memory, with its verbal and visual-spatial components, while the differences did not achieve their significance at the level of the central executive and the episodic buffer to working memory, The results of the study did not show also a difference in the performance of female students at the level of cognitive load due to the learning style. Conclusion: The study recommends the importance of raising awareness about distance education, qualifying educational staff to use technology in teaching, and gradually moving towards distance education.  
 Keywords:  Multimedia-working memory, Cognitive load, Face-to-face learning, E-learning.  
1 Assistant Professor in the Department of Fundamentals of Education.  fawzeah.almasoud@ku.edukw  
2 Associated Professor at the Educational Technology Department. te.almasoud@paaet.edu.kw  
Submitted 14/3/2024, Accepted 19/6/2024 
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The Degree to which Students of the College of Basic Education in the State of Kuwait possess the competencies of employing cloud computing applications in education from their point of view and its relationship to some variables   
 Dr. Aida A. Al- Eidan  
PAAET  - State of Kuwait  
Abstract  
Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the competency levels of students in Kuwait’s College of Basic education in using computers, cloud computing applications in education and the correlation between the two. Methodology: A descriptive survey was used. 695 students completed a questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics methods to calculate arithmetic averages, and inferential statistics methods to examine differences between the sample scores, which were the (t-test) and the ONE WAY ANOVA. Results: Students possess intermediate skills with the use of cloud computing applications and they are utilized to a small degree in education. There is a statistically significant difference in the sample’s computer competency levels and their use in education. This was evident in fourth year students majoring in computer science or educational technology.  There was no significant difference between genders in the samples estimate. Conclusion: In light of those findings, we recommend the need for continued awareness to spread the culture of using cloud computing among faculty members, students and administrators. We also recommend the college's management to adopt cloud computing in education and develop curricula to comply with the requirements of using cloud computing, while contracting with a specialized company to provide computer systems that provide cloud computing services.  
Keywords: cloud computing, competencies, employment, data processing, electronic data.  
Associate Professor in the Department of Educational Technology.  aa_aleidan@hotmail.com 
Submitted 26/3/2024, Accepted 10/6/2024.
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  Computer competencies necessary to employ artificial intelligence in special education schools among student teachers from their point of view  
Dr. Safia A. Tarteer,             Dr. Aysha M. Abdrabo          &     Dr. Yasmeen N. Abomokh  
Ministry of Education           Al-Rawdah University College          Al-Qasemi Academy 
Palestine  
Abstract  
Objective: This study aimed to identify the computer competencies necessary to employ artificial intelligence in special education schools among student teachers from their point of view. Methodology: To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers used a mixed quantitative and qualitative approach, where the researchers reviewed the educational literature, and then a three-dimensional questionnaire was designed to measure the computer competencies necessary to apply artificial intelligence. The researchers also conducted a semi-regular interview with a group of Al Qasimi Academy female students for years. Different academic studies (from the first year until the fourth year); In order to obtain data that answers the study’s questions, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire was tested. The reliability rate of the questionnaire was 0.963, and the study population was (580) male and female students who study at Al Qasimi Academy within the Green Line. The researchers chose a sample of 150 male and female students, while the number of female students participating in the interview was 10 participants. Results: The results of the study showed that the degree of availability of computer competencies necessary to employ artificial intelligence was moderate. Conclusion: The study recommended training teachers and students on the skills of applying artificial intelligence necessary for their application during the period of practical applications.  
Keywords: computer competencies, artificial intelligence, special education schools.  
Submitted 2/7/2024, Accepted 22/9/2024.  
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 Building A Measure of Systemic Intelligence Among Educational Leaders in Schools in Muscat Governorate in Oman   
Dr. Hamad H. Alghafiri                     Fakiha A. Allawati  
Arabic Open University                              MoE  
Sultanate of Oman  
Abstract  
Objectives: The study aimed to build a measure of systemic intelligence among school educational leaders in Muscat, Oman. Methodology: The researchers used the descriptive analytical approach. The systemic intelligence scale was built in its initial form of 39 phrases distributed over four dimensions. The study tool was applied to a sample of 436 workers in schools in Muscat, selected in a Cluster random sampling. Results: To verify the structural validity of the scale, exploratory factor analysis were used as the main component analysis method. As a result, three factors constitute the scale of systemic intelligence among educational leaders in Muscat: systemic perception, systemic thinking and systemic work. The final image of the scale consists of 33 statements. The scale stability was verified using the Cronbach A equation internal consistency and reapplication methods. The stability value of the total degree by the reapplication method was 0.883, and the Cronbach A coefficient 0.980. The stability values for the scale dimensions ranged between 0.761 – 0.957. Conclusion: Considering the results, several recommendations were made: re-applying the scale to different samples of workers in the educational field to verify its stability and effectiveness over a long period. The scale can be used in periodic evaluations, including systemic intelligence skills in training and professional development programs to raise efficiency and achieve optimal performance.  
Keywords: Systemic intelligence, Systemic perception, Systemic thinking, Systemic work, Educational leaders. 
Assistant Professor. hamad@aou.edu.om   
Fakiha.allawati@moe.om  
Submitted 21/6/2024, Accepted 14/11/2024.    
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  Developing Career Adaptation Scale for Novice Teachers using Andrich's Rating Scale Model  
Abdulaziz  H. Al-Omairi  
The Specialized Institute for Professional Training of Teachers 
Sultanate of Oman  
Abstract  
Objectives: The study aimed to construct and calibrate career adaptation scale for new teachers. Methodology: The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach, and its sample consisted of 1624 male and female teachers in the academic year 2023/2024 in the Sultanate of Oman. To achieve the study objectives, a scale of job adaptation was developed, which in its final form consisted of 25 items. The scale was calibrated using the Winsteps program and SPSS. Results: The results showed that all items of the scale were fit to Andrich’s scale model. However, on individual level, the results showed that 76 individuals did not fit, therefore, they were deleted from the final analysis of the sample. The results revealed that the scale has good psychometric properties, as the difficulty coefficients for the items ranged between -1.69, 1.45 in the logit unit, and the Pearson reliability coefficient 0.85, with a Separating Index 2.29. These values ​​were high, which indicates the sample members’ adequacy in separating the scale’s items. The test information function showed that the scale provides the maximum amount of information for individuals with average career adaptation. Conclusion: The current study findings recommend making use of the scale in diagnosing the level of career adaptation and re-verifying the psychometric properties by employing it in other contexts.  
Keywords: Career Adaptation, Novice teachers, Rating Scale Model, Item Response Theory.  
Statistics specialist. E-mail: alomairi1983@gmail.com  
Submitted 5/8/2024, Accepted  5/12/2024.    
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 “Assessment of the Level of Teachers ' Possession in Jordan of the Standards of Effective Teaching Practices in the Light of Distance Learning “  
Amer M.S. Sobuh   
MoE  - H.K.J.   
Abstract  
Objectives: The study aimed to assess the level of teachers ' possession in Jordan of the standards of effective teaching practices in the light of distance learning. Methodology : The descriptive-analytical curriculum was employed, and the study community consisted of all teachers in Jordanian schools who teach the stages from the fourth grade to the secondary stage, numbering 130089 teachers, and the study tool consisted of 60 indicators distributed over four main criteria (teaching design, creating a supportive environment for learning, teaching implementation, evaluation), and after verifying the authenticity and stability of the tool was applied to a sample consisting of  603 teachers selected according to the method of stratified relative random sample. Results:  The results indicated that the level of effective teaching practices in the study sample came at the level of expert practice, in addition to the absence of significant differences at the level of (α=0.05) between the level of teaching practices among teachers attributed to specialization, and the presence of significant differences between the level of teaching practices among teachers attributed to academic qualification and academic rank of teacher. Conclusion: The study recommends holding courses to develop remote teaching skills for teachers with the rank of Assistant Teacher, those with literary specialties, and for teachers who do not have higher scientific qualifications.  
Keywords : Assessment, Teaching practices, Distance learning, Effective Teaching, Teachers.   
Submitted 22/12/2023, Accepted 12/2/2024  
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“ Level of Healthy Practices from the Point of View of Jordanian University Students:  The Arab Open University in Jordan as a case study  “    
Dr. Husein H. Almestrehy;   Dr. Nashwan A. Nashwan   &   Dr. Hany S. Alkhaledy 
H.K.J.
Abstract 
Objective: To determine the level of healthy habits from the students' perspectives at the Arab Open University in Jordan. Method: The descriptive analytical method was used. A total of 186 male and female students were randomly selected from the Arab Open University and asked to fill out a designed questionnaire on healthy habits.  Results: The findings showed that the overall level of practicing healthy habits among university students was average across all domains: health culture, sports practices, and nutritional habits. The results also indicated no differences in the domains of health culture and sports practices regarding all study variables: gender, academic qualification, college type, social status, and year of study. However, male students scored higher than females in the domain of sports practices. In contrast, male students in higher education who are married and in their second year scored higher in the domain of nutritional habits. Meanwhile, there were no differences among participants in all domains related to the type of college.  Conclusion: This study recommends implementing a course on healthy habits for university students and enhancing the role of the media in disseminating them.  
Keywords: Healthy habits, Healthy culture, sports practices, nutritional habits, students at the Arab Open University.    
Submitted 9/12/2023, Accepted 17/3/2024. 

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  " The role of training programs offered to teachers in achieving the vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2030 "
Dr. Ayman A. Al-Ghamdi   
Ministry of Justice  
K.S.A.  
Abstract   
Objectives: To identify the role of teacher training programs in supporting the achievement of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive approach, utilizing a questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument administered to a sample of 400 teachers in Saudi Arabia. Results: The findings indicated a high level of quality across the various dimensions of the training programs (infrastructure, trainers’ competence, training guidance, and ethical standards). Statistically significant differences were found based on gender, in favor of female teachers. Moreover, the results demonstrated a substantial role of these programs in achieving the objectives of 2030 Vision. Conclusion: The study concluded that teacher training programs are effective in supporting the accomplishment of 2030 Vision. However, the generalization of the findings is constrained due to the use of the descriptive approach, the limitation of the sample to teachers within Saudi Arabia, and reliance on a questionnaire as the sole data collection tool, which may affect the comprehensiveness and precision of interpretation.  
Keywords: Training programs, Teachers, Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia . 
Researcher and Administrative Director, Ministry of Justice. Ayman.alghamdi1@hotmail.com  
Submitted 21/6/2023,  Accepted    26/9/2023   
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  The effectiveness of using blended learning in developing speaking skills among Saad Al-Abdullah for Security Sciences Academy Students 
Dr. Mohammed H. Alzaferi  
Saad Al-Abdullah Academy for Security Sciences  
State of Kuwait  
Abstract  
Objectives: This research aimed to develop Arabic Language speaking skills among students at Saad Al-Abdullah Academy for Security Sciences (SAASS). Methodology: The researcher used the Experimental Approach with 60 students from the (SAASS) who were divided into two groups, one experimental and the other control. To achieve this goal, the researcher prepared a checklist of speaking skills attainable for students at (SAASS), a speaking test, an observation sheet and a suggested strategy based on blended learning. Results After applying the suggested strategy based on blended learning and research tools, the research concluded that there was a statistically significant difference at 0.01 between the average scores of the post-application of the speaking skills test and the note card, in favor of the control group, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed strategy based on blended learning in developing speaking skills among students at (SAASS). Conclusion: In light of the research results, the researcher recommended using the proposed strategy based on blended learning to develop written expression skills among students at the (SAASS).   
Key words: Blended learning – Arabic Language Speaking Skills.        
Associate Professor, Saad Al-Abdullah Academy. hdaini@hotmail.com  
Submitted 21/12/2023, Accepted 3/6/2024.  
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 " The Effectiveness of Ultralearning on Developing the Skills of Solving Religious Obligations Issues for the Students of Sharia and Islamic Studies "   
Dr. Abdulaziz F. Al-Asail  
College of Education - King Faisal University  
K.S.A.  
Abstract  
Objectives:  This research aimed to reveal the effectiveness of Ultra-learning on developing the skills of solving religious obligations for the students of Sharia and Islamic studies at King Faisal University. Methodology: To achieve this purpose, the experimental approach with a semi-experimental design was used, in addition to building a list of skills for solving religious obligations issues necessary for students of Sharia and Islamic studies. The educational materials represented in the Teaching Guide were designed using Ultra-learning. The research tool was also built represented in testing the skills of solving religious obligations issues. After verifying the validity and credibility of the materials and research tools, the tool was applied before and after the implementation of teaching on two groups: experimental and control; they numbered (64) students. Results: The results of the research came to show the effectiveness of Ultra-learning on developing the skills of solving religious obligations as a whole, and its main skills (Mathematical Thinking, Higher Thinking). Conclusion:  The research recommended the need to train Faculty Members of Religious Obligations Science Subjects in Sharia (Islamic Law) Colleges on methods of developing skills of solving religious obligations (Sharia) problems, in light of Ultra-learning.   
Key Words: Effectiveness, Ultra-learning, Skills of Solving Religious Obligations, Students of Sharia and Islamic Studies.  
Professor in Department of Curricula and Teaching Methods. afalosail@kfu.edu.sa  
Submitted  15/6/2023,  Accepted 26/9/2023  
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 The Extent to which Contemporary trends in Mathematics Education are Available in the Content of the State of Kuwait Mathematics Curricula for the Primary Stage     
Dr. Ahmed J. Al-Hilal   
College of Education – Kuwait University  
State of Kuwait  
Abstract    
Objectives: The study aimed to identify the availability of contemporary trends for teaching mathematics in the components of the mathematics curriculum (educational experiences, textbook, educational activities) for the primary stage from the point of view of male and female teachers. The sample consisted of 185 respondents to the tool, which is a questionnaire with three measures and two dimensions. Method: To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive approach was used. Results: The number of males was 10 - 5.4%, and the number of females was 175, 94.6%. Their teaching experience in public schools ranged between 1-11 years and more. The majority of responses were from the Al-Ahmadi Educational District, numbering 83 - 44.9%, and the least number were from the Mubarak Al-Kabeer Educational District, numbering 9-4.9%. Conclusion: Data processing included measures of central tendency. The arithmetic mean for the first dimension: educational experiences - textbook was 2.41 and the relative weight was 80.4%, which reflects a high degree of practice. After educational activities, the arithmetic mean was 2.38 and the relative weight was 79.3% with a high degree of practice, as well as for the whole tool with a high degree of practice.  
Key words: The school curriculum, Content containers of the school curriculum, Educational experiences, Textbook, Educational activities.    
Associate Professor in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction. Ahmad.alhalal@ku.edu.kw  
Submitted 29/2/2024, Accepted 26/4/2024    
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   " Green Management Practices at University of Hafr Al Batin and Their Relationship to Achieving Environmental Sustainability "  
Dr. Abdullah M. Al-Ameri                        Sultan A. Al-Shammary   
College of Education - University of Hafr Al Batin  
K.S.A.  
Abstract   
Objectives: This study aimed to reveal the relationship between green management practice degree and achieving environmental sustainability at University of Hafr Al Batin. Methodology: The descriptive-analytical method was employed using a survey questionnaire as a data collection tool administered to a random sample of University of Hafr Al Batin’s faculty members and administrators numbering a total of 295 participants during the first semester of the academic year 1444 AH/2022 AD. Results: Following data statistical analysis, major results included: 1) green management has a medium practice degree with an overall mean score of 2.87; 2) achieving environmental sustainability has also a medium level with an overall mean score of 2.73; and 3) there is a very high significant positive correlation relationship between green management practice degree and achieving environmental sustainability. Conclusion: Maximizing environmental policies, adopting green management best practices and achieving environmental sustainability at the concerned university in the foreseeable future.  
Keywords: Green Management, Environmental Sustainability, University of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Universities. 
Associate Professor of Educational Management and Planning. dralameri@uhb.edu.sa  
Teacher in general education. sultanalshmarii@gmail.com  
Submitted  20/3/2023,  Accepted  13/8/2023  
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" Administrative Transformation in the VUCA environment to face the Corona virus pandemic crises in higher education institutions "
Prof. Najwa M. AlFawaz   
 University of Tabuk   
K.S.A.  
Abstract  
Objectives: This study aimed to explore the level of administrative transformation in the VUCA environment to address the corona virus pandemic in higher education institutions by utilizing a descriptive approach. Methodology: The sample comprised 150 faculty members. Results: showed that the level of transformation was moderate in all domains. The domain of (volatility) had a high level, while (mystery, uncertainty, and complexity) had a moderate level. There were significant differences in (complexity) based on the gender variable, favoring (males). In the (volatility and mystery) domains, favoring the category of "10 years and more" in terms of years of experience favoring the "Bachelor's degree" category in terms of educational qualification also favoring the "Assistant Professor" category based on the academic degree variable. However, there were no significant differences in the domains of (volatility, mystery, and uncertainty) based on the gender variable and in the (uncertainty and complexity) on years of experience, on educational qualification in the (uncertainty and complexity) and the academic degree variable in the (mystery, uncertainty, and complexity).   Conclusion: This study examined administrative transformation in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic within a VUCA environment using a descriptive approach with 150 faculty members. Overall transformation was moderate, with high volatility and moderate uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. Differences were noted in complexity by gender and in volatility and ambiguity by experience, education, and academic rank. The results emphasize the need for strategies to enhance adaptability in complex and uncertain educational contexts.  
Keywords: Administrative transformation, VUCA environment, Corona pandemic crises, Higher education.  
Professor of Educational Administration and Planning in . nalfawaz@ut.edu.sa   
Submitted  4/6/2023,  Accepted   26/9/2023  
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 Documentary and Bibliometric Analysis of Publications in Special Education Arab Journals (1992-2021): A Science Mapping Study  
 ¹Prof. Salaheldin F. Bakhiet      ²Dr. Mohamed A. Salih       ³Eman M. Eibed           ⁴Dr. Huda F. Mohamed

  ⁵ Dr. Siham A. Taha                          ⁶Dr. Soheir M. T. Abdel-Hadi                ⁷ Prof. Yossry A. S. Essa 
Bahrain - Sudan - Egypt   
ٍAbstract  
Objectives: provide a documentary and bibliometric analysis of publications in special education journals during the period 1992-2021. Eleven journals were identified that included 1650 articles. Methodology: comprehensive systematic review including documentary and bibliometric analysis. The documentary analysis included: country of publication, date of issue, impact factor, and composition of editorial boards, while the bibliometric analysis focused on language of publication, affiliation of authors, authorship style, and chronology of production. Results revealed the countries that publish special education journals, the first special education journal in the region, the journals that publish the most special education research, the number of times these journals are published per year, obtaining international numbers in print and electronic form, the continuity of the journal’s publication, publishing fees or free of charge, indexing in international databases, obtaining an impact factor, and the language in which the research was written, and no use of "Online First" style. Most of the studies were conducted in Saudi Arabia, followed by Egypt; the largest number of authors were from Saudi Arabia, followed by Egypt, then Algeria and Jordan, and 52.5% of the authors were females, and female researchers wrote more articles than male researchers in Saudi Arabia, Algeria, the Sultanate of Oman and Bahrain. Conclusion: we presented suggestions for improving publications in the field. 
Keywords. Special Education Journals, Bibliometric Analysis, Documentary Analysis, Scientific Mapping, Arab Countries.  
Submitted 9/11/2024, Accepted 3/2/2025    
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 Exploring Usage, Perceptions, challenges, and Implications of Computer-Assisted Language Learning in Higher Education     
Dr. Nadeyah J. Alreiahi ¹                 Dr. Omaymah E. AlSuwaihel²   
College of Education – Kuwait University   
State of Kuwait  
Abstract  
Objectives: As the importance of technology in English language education continues to grow, this study aims to explore the practices, perceptions, and challenges faced by English language instructors at Kuwait University in relation to Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL). The study provides insights into best practices for integrating technology into English as a Second Language (ESL) instruction. Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from surveys and qualitative data from classroom observations. The study was conducted with 96 English language instructors from 16 faculties at Kuwait University. The Wald Chi-Square Test assessed the relationship between demographic factors and dependent variables such as attitudes and actual use of CALL. The Shapiro-Wilk Test and the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) were used to analyze hypotheses and relationships between variables. Results: The findings revealed predominantly positive attitudes among instructors toward integrating technology into English teaching methodologies and using technology daily in their teaching instruction, emphasizing the need to improve infrastructure and enhance instructors' competencies to ensure the sustainable use of technology. Conclusion: Based on the study's results, the following recommendations were made: 1) Providing the infrastructure for technology, 2) Identifying the appropriate tools for language learning, 3) Offering suitable training for using technology, 4) Integrating CALL into lesson plans, 5) Proposing appropriate solutions to overcome the challenges and obstacles related to using computers in English language instruction.   
Keywords: Technology Integration, Computer-Assisted Language Learning, English Language, English as a second language ESL, Higher Education.   
1 Assistant Professor, Instructional Technology, College of Education.  Nadeyah.jm@ku.edu.kw  
2 Assistant Professor, Instructional Technology, College of Education.   omayma.alsuwaihel@ku.edu.kw  
Submitted 17/10/2024, Accepted  12/12/2024.    
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 ** Accepted Articles

 

 

" Achievement emotions and its relationship with academic self-concept among University students " 
Dr. Omar Al-Adamat;   Dr. Ahmad Gazo  &  Dr. Ahmad Mahasneh  
Abstract 
 Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between achievement emotions and academic self-concept. Methodology: To achieve the objectives of the study, achievement emotions scale and academic self-concept scale were used. The study sample consisted of (832) students at the Hashemite University. Results: The results of the study showed that:    
- The positive academic emotions were prevalent among the study sample.  
- The results also showed that the level of academic self-concept was high among the study. sample.  
- There are statistically differences in negative achievement emotions due to gender and specialization, the mean score of negative emotions achievement among males was higher than that of females, and the mean score of negative emotions achievement among student's humanities specialization was higher than that of students of scientific specialization.  
- The results showed a positive correlation between positive achievement emotions and academic self-concept and there was negative correlation between negative achievement emotions and academic self-concept. Conclusions: The study recommends developing and enhancing the level of academic self-concept among students of scientific faculties at the university.   
Keywords: Achievement emotions, Academic self-concept, University students, Gender, Specialization. 
Submitted   27/5/2023,  Accepted   23/8/2023  
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“The Degree of Using Alternative Evaluation Strategies and Obstacles of their Application among Early Childhood Teachers in Al-Ahsa Governorate “ 
Dr. Asma M. H. Ali  
Abstract   
Objectives: to reveal the degree of early childhood teachers' use of alternative evaluation strategies in Al-Ahsa Governorate and to determine the degree of obstacles that limit the use of alternative evaluation strategies. It also showed if there were statistically significant differences due to the educational stage. To achieve the objectives of the study. Methods: was used. A questionnaire was applied to early childhood female teachers 339 after its validity and reliability were verified. Results: showed that early childhood teachers use alternative evaluation strategies to a large extent. The pen and paper evaluation came in the first, followed by the observational evaluation, and the communication evaluation, and the performance-based evaluation, and the self-review strategy. In addition, the results also showed that the degree of obstacles to using alternative evaluation strategies was very high. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences in the degree of childhood teachers' use of alternative evaluation strategies due to the educational stage variable in favor of primary school teachers. Conclusion: the need to conduct training courses for childhood teachers on implementing alternative evaluation strategies to develop their personal and professional abilities.  
Keywords: Alternative evaluation, Performance-based evaluation, Observational evaluation, The pen and paper evaluation the self-review evaluation, Communication evaluation. 
Submitted 24/12/2023, Accepted 17/2/2024  
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“Action research as a method of professional development for early childhood teachers: A literature review (2010–2022)  “
Zainab N. Al-Dosari ;     Maha A. Al-Wahbi  &   Dr. Hanadi F. Alothman   
Abstract  
Objectives: The current paper aimed to systematically review the literature in the field of early childhood teachers’ action research during the period from 2010 to 2022 to identify the most prominent topics addressed by researchers in this area and identify research gaps. Methodology: The study relied on the use of a systematic review approach, where the audit included 22 selected Arab and foreign studies and the application of the criteria for inclusion and exclusion following the PRISMA scheme. Results: The results of the systematic review showed that the researchers’ focus in the included studies was on three central topics: 1) Action research as a tool for professional development for early childhood teachers; 2) Implications of action research on early childhood teachers’ practices; and 3) Challenges facing early childhood teachers in conducting action research. Conclusion: The paper concluded with a number of results, the most prominent of which is: that early childhood teachers’ conduct of action research as a form of professional development increases the effectiveness of their teaching, improves their practices, and helps them deal with professional problems. Some challenges have also emerged for the practice of action research among early childhood teachers, the most prominent of which is poor knowledge of the methodology and methods of action research.  
Keywords: Action research, professional development, early childhood, teachers, literature review. 
Submitted 29/11/2023, Accepted 14/3/2024. 
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 The Degree of Inclusion of Design Thinking Skills in Digital Skills Courses for Upper Elementary Stage in KSA  
Dr. Sabah E.R. Al-Sobhi  
Abstract  
Objectives: The study aimed to reveal the necesRa design thinking skills to be included in the digital skills courses for the upper elementary stage in KSA. It also aimed to measure the degree of inclusion of these skills in the courses. Method: The study employed a descriptive methodology (content analysis) for this purpose. The study sample consisted of the digital skills courses for the upper elementary stage for the academic year 1445 H, comprising the three semesters, as provided by the Ministry of Education in KSA. The study used a list of design thinking skills and a content analysis card. Results: The study revealed that the degree of inclusion of these skills was in low degree, reaching 22%. Conclusion: A set of recommendations and proposals was provided. 
Keywords: Design Thinking, Content Analysis, Digital Skills, 21st Century Skills, Upper Elementary Stage.  
Submitted 3/2/2024, Accepted 25/3/2024.  
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The psychological resilience scale among mothers of children with specific learning  disabilities : Calibration with the rating scale model    
Dr. Mohammed R. Alzahrani    
Abstract  
Objectives: The research aimed to calibrate the items of the resilience scale among mothers of children with specific learning disabilities using the rating scale model. Methods: Simple Random Sampling was used (n=140 mothers of children with specific learning disabilities). Their ages ranged between 30 and 38 years. Exploratory factor analysis was used to verify unidimensionality, the Q3 index to verify the Local independence, and to verify the direct relationship between ability estimates and item difficulty. The parameters of difficulty, infit, and outfit of the scale items were also estimated in order to determine the extent to which each item of the scale fits the rating scale model and the extent to which the scale as a whole fit. Results: The assumption of unidimensionality was achieved. The assumption of local independence was fulfilled using the Q3 indicator, as all correlation coefficients between the residuals were less than the absolute value of 0.2. Conclusion: The results of the research have resulted in the availability of acceptable and even high psychometric characteristics established in this regard in the measure of psychological flexibility for mothers of children with specific learning disabilities      
Keywords: flexibility, mothers of children with specific learning disabilities, rating scale model.  
Submitted 6/2/2024, Accepted 24/4/2024     
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  Attitudes of Graduate Students towards Using Chat GPT Technology in Preparing Educational Research in Saudi Universities  
Dr. Afnan Ali Al-Wadey   -    Prof. Loubna Hussain AlAjmi  
Abstract
Objectives: The study aimed to uncover the attitudes of graduate students towards using Chat GPT technology, their comprehension, and utilization of this technology. It sought to identify whether there are differences in these attitudes attributed to gender, academic degree, and specialization. Curriculum: a descriptive survey methodology was employed. results: The study indicated that graduate students' understanding and utilization of Chat GPT technology in preparing educational research were at a high level. Additionally, the results also demonstrated a significantly positive attitude towards the advantages and disadvantages of using Chat GPT technology. Conclusion: Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences in the attitudes of graduate students towards the advantages and disadvantages of using Chat GPT technology in preparing educational research attributed to gender and academic degree, while statistically significant differences were found in the attitudes of graduate students towards the disadvantages of using the technology in preparing educational research attributed to specialization, The research presented several recommendations and suggestions based on the results reached.  
Key words: Chat GPT technology, Educational research, Attitudes, Postgraduate studies, Saudi universities. 
Submitted 21/3/2024, Accepted 14/5/2024.  
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 Emotion regulation difficulties and its relationship self-compassion among university students 
Dr. Ahmed M. Mahasneh;  Dr. Ahmed F. Alalwan  ; Dr. Rawan Kh. Abushaqra    & Dr. Omar A. Adamat  
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to reveal the level of emotion regulation and self-compassion, and to find out whether there are differences in the levels of emotion regulation difficulties and self-compassion due to gender. It also aimed to reveal the relationship between emotion regulation and self-compassion. Method: The emotion regulation sale and self-compassion scale were used to achieve the objectives study. The study sample consisted of (655) students at Hashemite University. The results showed a low level of emotion regulation difficulties, and a moderate level of self-compassion.  Result: The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the level of emotion regulation difficulties and self-compassion due to gender. While the results showed that there were a negative and statistically significant relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and self-compassion. Conclusions: The study recommends developing programs and strategies towards improving emotional regulation as a means of enhancing the level of self-compassion, by providing training courses to develop emotional regulation skills, enhancing awareness of feelings and recognizing personal and emotional needs, which can lead to increasing self-compassion.  
Keywords: Emotion regulation difficulties, Self-compassion, University students.  
Submitted 6/5/2024, Accepted 6/6/2024.  
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The degree of which teachers possess the skills of using artificial intelligence in Jordan from their point of view and its relationship to some variables 
Dr. Eman Abed Al- Fattah Ababneh    
Abstract 
Objectives: To know the degree to which teachers in Jordan possess the skills to use artificial intelligence. Methodology: The study used the descriptive analytical approach. A questionnaire consisting of 38 items. The study sample consisted of 30 male and female teachers from the model school at the University of Jordan, the school was chosen intentionally. Results: The degree to which teachers possess the skills of using artificial intelligence in the areas of the educational learning process as a whole was high, and the field of planning received a high score, while the fields of implementation and evaluation received an average score. And using the Mann-Whitney U, it was found that there were no significant differences between the responses of the study members about the degree to which they possess the skills of using artificial intelligence as a whole due to the variable of sex, academic qualification and teaching experience they have. Recommendations: The need to pay attention to the development of artificial intelligence skills among teachers in the fields of lesson implementation and evaluation.   
Keywords: artificial intelligence, robotics, virtual and augmented reality, educational process.   
Submitted 24/4/2024, Accepted 27/6/2024   
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The effectiveness of an electronic program based on digital stories in development Reading comprehension skills for students  With learning difficulties   
Dr. Ahmed Z. Hegazi
Abstract   
Objectives: The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of an electronic program based on digital stories in developing reading comprehension skills. The number of participants was 60 and they were divided into two groups 30 experimental and 30 control groups with learning difficulties in the primary stage. Method: The study relied on the quasi-experimental approach, and the chronological age ranged from 7-8 years. The researcher used a reading comprehension measure, and an electronic program based on digital stories for people with learning difficulties, prepared by the researcher. Results: The results of the study revealed the effectiveness of the electronic program in developing the reading comprehension skills of students with learning difficulties. Conclusion: Digital stories play a major role in stimulating students’ motivation towards the learning process in general and understanding them in a way that develops reading comprehension.  
Keywords: Reading comprehension, Learning difficulties, Electronic program, Digital story.    
Submitted: 21/4/2024, Accepted: 21/7/2024   
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The nature and barriers to collaboration between parents and teachers of children with ASD in educational programs from the perspective of parents in Al-Ahsa Governorate   
Dr. Mohammed S. BoAbaid   
Abstract    
Objectives: This study aimed to identify the nature and barriers of collaboration between fathers and teachers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in educational programs from the perspective of fathers. Methodology: This study employed a qualitative approach and included a sample of 10 fathers whose children receive educational services in public and private primary schools in Al-Ahsa Governorate in KSA. A semi-structured interview method was used to collect data from fathers. The interviews consisted of three segments: Firstly, questions to collect demographic information. Secondly, questions to understand the nature of collaborative working. Finally, questions pertaining to exploring the barriers to collaboration between the two parties. Results: The results revealed limited collaborative work, whether at home or at school. The participating parents were dissatisfied with the level and nature of the collaborative relationship, as they indicated their limited participation in planning and implementing educational programs applied to their children. The results revealed multiple barriers related to family, school, and teachers that may hinder working collaboratively between the two parties in educational programs. Conclusion: The study offered many recommendations to improve collaborative working practices between fathers and teachers and avoid barriers to effective collaboration.  
Keywords: Barriers to collaboration, Parents, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Educational programs.  
Submitted: 20/5/2024, Accepted: 21/7/2024  
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 the Role of the Ministry of Education in Kuwait in Addressing Learning Loss among Middle School Students   
Dr. Anwar N. Almehjan   
Abstract  
Objectives: This study aims to identify the role of the Ministry of Education in Kuwait in addressing learning loss among middle school students and to propose mechanisms to activate this role. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, a questionnaire was designed to identify the role of the Ministry of Education in Kuwait in addressing learning loss at the middle school level. It was applied to a sample of teachers in middle schools in the governorates of Kuwait, totaling 483 teachers during the second semester of the academic year 2022-2024. Results: The study reached several key findings, including that the Ministry of Education in Kuwait plays a significant role in developing writing, spelling, and reading skills among students, providing moral support and raising cultural awareness about the importance of education to instill confidence in and value for education among students. It also devises alternative plans to ensure no academic setbacks, as well as considering individual differences among students in terms of their interests, abilities, and needs when designing curricula. Additionally, it establishes school plans to address dropout rates, especially among marginalized groups, while working to provide data and scientific information to help teachers attract students' attention during teaching. Furthermore, it takes strict measures to reduce students' reliance on others in project implementation.   
Keywords: learning loss, Ministry of Education.  
Submitted 25/5/2024, Accepted 3/9/2024.  
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 The role of artificial intelligence applications in improving the quality of services provided to students and its relationship to some variables   
Dr. Naglaa Gh. AlAzme  
Abstract  
 Objectives: The research aimed to identify the role of artificial intelligence applications in improving the quality of services provided to students from their point of view and their relationship to some variables. Method :The descriptive survey approach was used, and to achieve this, a questionnaire was prepared that included (20) items, distributed on three dimensions: the importance of using artificial intelligence techniques in the educational process, the role of the university in applying education using artificial intelligence techniques and challenges facing the use of artificial intelligence techniques it was applied to a random sample (n = 651) students from Kuwait University. Results: The results showed that the students' perceptions came to an average degree, and that there are statistically significant differences between the arithmetic averages of the responses of the study population about the gender variable in favor of males, and there were no statistically significant differences for the responses of the members of the study population according to the specialization variable (literary - scientific), as well as the results showed that the sample members support that artificial intelligence applications have a role in improving the quality of services provided to them. Conclusion: The researcher recommended the need to foresee the future of education, the services provided to face modern developments.        
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Kuwait University, Educational Technology, Student Services .  
Submitted 19/2/2024, Accepted 17/9/2024.  
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Mindfulness and its Relationship to Positive Thinking among First year  Secondary school students     
Dr. Tahany A. Abu Wardih  
Abstract  
Objectives: The current study aimed to identify the level of mindfulness and positive thinking among first-year secondary school students. The study also aimed to reveal the relationship between mindfulness and positive thinking.  Curriculum: The descriptive correlative approach was used. To achieve the objectives, the researcher developed two scales of mindfulness and positive thinking, and after confirming the validity and reliability of the two scales, they were applied to a sample of (346) students in Ajloun Governorate. They were chosen randomly. Results: The results showed that the level of mindfulness and positive thinking among the sample were “high.” The results also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences attributed to gender in mindfulness and positive thinking, while the results revealed the existence of a statistically significant positive correlation between mindfulness and positive thinking. Conclusion: Accordingly, the results of the study, some recommendations were presented.  
Keywords: Mindfulness, Positive Thinking, First- year Secondary school students.  
Submitted 4/6/2024, Accepted 17/9/2024.   
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 Mothers’ Awareness of the Educational Needs in the Home Environment for Their Children with Intellectual Disabilities  
Dr. Ayesha Alnajar           &                        Rawan Alshehri  
Abstract  
Objectives: This study aimed to identify the level of awareness of mothers of children with intellectual disabilities of educational needs in the home environment to improve the quality of their lives. Methodology: The researchers selected a random sample of (140) mothers in special education centers in Al-Ahsa. The researchers used a questionnaire to collect data where the validity and reliability were verified using the Cronbach alpha method. The researchers used the descriptive survey approach to suit the study's problem. Results: The results showed that the awareness of self-care skills came in first place with the highest awareness among mothers, followed by the awareness of social skills, followed by the awareness of academic skills, followed by the awareness of communication with the school environment, but the awareness of behavior modification methods came in last place with the slightest awareness. Conclusion: The study made several recommendations. The first one is to provide guidance programs for mothers of children with intellectual disabilities to solve their children’s behavioral problems. The study also recommended increasing mothers' involvement in their children’s schooling to create a positive learning experience for their children and allow them to perform better in school.  
Keywords: Awareness, Educational Needs, Parental Treatment Methods, Children with Intellectual Disabilities, Home Environment.  
Submitted 22/7/2024, Accepted 21/9/2024.    
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The impact of connecting 10th-grade mathematics concepts to students' real-life experiences on their problem-solving abilities and its relationship to their academic achievement    
Dr. Ahmed J. AlHilal   
Abstract   
Objective: This study aimed to identify the extent to which the learner’s connection to mathematics in his daily life affects his ability to solve mathematical problems in the mathematics curriculum for the tenth grade of secondary school in the State of Kuwait, and to determine the relationship between that and the learner’s academic achievement. Methodology: Using the quasi-experimental method with a purposive sample that included (44) individuals for the two experimental groups and (20) individuals for the control group. Results: A clear average effect that tends to be high for the first experimental group in (life concepts 0.770) while solving life problems to a moderate degree (0.724). As for the control group, it had a weak effect (0.429). The correlation coefficient Sipperman was calculated to determine the strength of the association between the three methods of teaching and the academic achievement of female learners in the three classrooms. The correlation degrees were, respectively: 0.617 - life concepts - 0.907 - problem solving - control - 0.133. An analysis was also used. One-way ANOVA showed that there were statistically significant differences in academic achievement at the degree of significance (0.01) in favor of the two experimental groups. Conclusion: The necessity of linking mathematics concepts to the learner’s real life because of the positive impact on the learner’s solution to real-life mathematical problems.   
Keywords: Life mathematics, real-life mathematical problems, mathematical concepts, solving mathematical problems, academic achievement.  
Submitted 19/5/2024, Accepted 25/9/2024.   
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 The relationship between alexithymia, bullying, and victimization among adolescents in Kuwait  
Dr. Mohaned A. Aleedan  
Abstract  
Objective: The study aimed to Identifying the type of relationship between alexithymia, bullying behavior, and becoming a victim of bullying among middle school students. Methodology: The descriptive correlational approach was used on a sample consisting of (N = 528) adolescents, including [248 males, 280 females]. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Bagby et al.,1994), translated by Al-Edan (2019a), and the bullying scale (Jaradat, 2008), were applied to them. Their ages ranged between (10-15) years. Results: The results showed that there was a high level of alexithymia among members of the total study sample, and that there were differences between the alexithymia averages due to the gender variable, and in favor of females. A correlation was also found between the two dimensions of difficulty identifying feelings and difficulty describing feelings and the total score among males. In the female sample, we found a correlation between the dimension of Externally Oriented thinking and the total degree of alexithymia due to bullying. Conclusion: It also shows correlations between difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings, and the total degree of alexithymia with being a victim of bullying. Males were higher in bullying and being victims of bullying than females.  
Keywords: Alexithymia, Bullying, Bullying victim, Adolescents.  
Submitted 21/5/2024, Accepted 25/9/2024.  
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The effectiveness of using documentaries about people’s cultures in reducing the level of ethnocentrism among students at the college of education - Kuwait University   
Dr. Alanoud M. Alrashidi   
Abstract  
Objectives: This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of using documentaries about people's cultures in reducing the level of ethnocentrism among students at the College of Education at Kuwait University. Methodology: A quasi-experimental method was used, and the sample consisted of two classes (control, n = 41, experimental, n = 39) in which culture is a core concept, during the academic year (2023/2024). The scale of ethnocentrism was applied to both groups, documentaries were used in experimental group, while traditional lecturing was used in control group for the exact content included in documentaries, and the scale of ethnocentrism was re-applied. Results: Results showed that there is a statistically significant effect of using documentaries in reducing the level of ethnocentrism among students. Conclusion: Based on the results, the author advised to pay attention to the importance of using documentaries as a learning resource to teach abstract concepts such as culture, and the importance of measuring the level of ethnocentrism among students in teacher education institutions and developing the necessary programs to control it.  
Keywords: documentaries, ethnocentrism, cultural competencee, visual anthropology.  
Submitted 21/5/2024, Accepted 25/9/2024.    
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 The role of electronic games "PUBG" as a model in the decline of the value system among high school students   
Dr. Azdhar M. Qadryh  
Abstract  
Objectives: The research aimed to identify the role of the PUBG game in the decline of the value system among secondary school students, and to identify the differences between their average grades according to the variables: (gender - secondary specialization - duration of playing hours).  Methodology: The research followed the descriptive analytical research method, using a questionnaire consisting of 46 paragraphs, and was applied to a sample of 80 male and female students in Damascus schools.  Results: The research results concluded that the PUBG game has a major role in the decline of the value system, and that there were no differences between the average grades of secondary school students on the role of the PUBG game in the decline of the value system according to the research variables.  Conclusion: One of the most important things suggested by the research is to focus on the role of the family and the educational institution in promoting and consolidating values ​​among members of society, and adding cultural curricula for school students, with the aim of promoting and preserving authentic values.  
Keywords: Electronic games, PUBG game, Value system, High school.  
Submitted 4/9/2024, Accepted 17/11/2024.    
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Family climate and its relationship to perceived self-efficacy among a sample of Damascus University students   
Dr. Olfat A. Nassr  
Abstract.  
Objectives: This research aims to reveal the relationship between the family climate and self-efficacy among a sample of Damascus university students to know the differences between the study sample in the family climate and self-efficacy according to (gender andType of college. Methodology: The used the descriptive analytical method on a sample of 400 male and female They were selected in a stratified random manner during the first semester of the year 2023-2024.  
Results: 
* There is a statistically significant correlation between the performance of the members of the research sample on a scale of family climate and performance on a scale of self-efficacy.
- There are no differences between mean performances of sample individuals on the family climate scale according to the gender and according to the Type of college (Literary or scientific).
There are differences between mean performances of sample individuals 
Conclusion: on the self-efficacy scale according to the gender in favor of females and according to the major variable in favor of Type of college For the benefit of the scientific college. Conclusion: Directing the community in an organizational, educational and media way to build a family, and planning to establish early biology counseling offices attached to educational institutions or mosques to provide guidance, advice and counsel to parents and children.  
Key words: Family climate, Self-efficacy For students at Damascus University.  
Submitted 31/8/2024, Accepted 20/11/2024.    
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The Degree of Compliance with International Accreditation Standards (CAEP) in Teacher Preparation Programs at the College of Basic Education (CBE)   
Prof. Dalal F. Alenezi                                     Prof. Fraih O. Alanzi  
Abstract  
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the degree of compliance with international accreditation standards (CAEP) in teacher preparation programs at the College of Basic Education (CBE) from the perspective of faculty members and training staff. Methodology: A descriptive methodology was used through a measurement tool that includes the five CAEP standards: Content and Pedagogical Knowledge, Partnerships and Clinical Practice, Candidate Quality, Program Impact, and Quality Assurance System and Continuous Improvement. The tool was applied to a sample of 158 faculty and training staff members. Results: The results showed that the degree of compliance with the CAEP standards in teacher preparation programs was moderate, with an overall mean score of 3.44 and a standard deviation of 0.95. The standards for Content and Pedagogical Knowledge and Partnerships and Clinical Practice received high ratings, while the remaining three standards (Candidate Quality, Program Impact, Quality Assurance and Continuous Improvement) received moderate ratings. Conclusion: This study recommends adopting a comprehensive strategy to improve the compliance with CAEP standards, including enhancing continuous professional development programs for faculty and training staff, developing more effective academic and psychological support policies for students, improving assessment and continuous improvement systems through the adoption of modern technological tools, and strengthening collaboration between universities and other educational institutions to share experiences and best practices.

Keywords: International Accreditation Standards (CAEP), Teacher Preparation Program, College of Basic Education (CBE).  
Submitted 7/7/2024, Accepted 8/12/2024.    
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Predicting Positive Social Behavior in the Light of Psychological Well-being and Achievement Motivation among Private University Students in Jordan  
Dr. Esra’a O. Abu--Alkeshek  
Abstract  
Objectives: The current study aimed to predict positive social behavior among private university students in Jordan in light of psychological well-being and achievement motivation. Methodology: To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive, correlational approach was followed by applying the study tool consisting of 45 items distributed over three axes: (positive social behavior, psychological well-being, and achievement motivation), on a random sample of 383 male and female students from Students of private universities in Jordan, after its validity and reliability were verified. Results: The study's results showed that the level of positive social behavior, psychological well-being, and achievement motivation among students is high. The psychological well-being variable is the variable most capable of predicting positive social behavior among private university students in Jordan. Recommendations: The study recommended the need to direct private and public universities in Jordan to increase attention to programs that would increase students' psychological well-being, such as national and religious activities and celebrations because they positively impact the level of their positive social behaviors.  
Keywords: social behavior, psychological well-being, achievement motivation, Private university students.  
Submitted 25/9/2024, Accepted  9/12/2024.    
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Parents' satisfaction with educational voucher use in Qatari private schools    
Dr. Huda S. Al-Kubaisi  
Abstract  
Objectives: The study aimed to assess the degree of satisfaction among parents of beneficiaries whose children receive educational vouchers in private schools in Qatar, with the goal of identifying any statistically significant differences attributable to the study variables. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive approach, and data were collected through a questionnaire administered to a random sample of 100 parents. Results: Parents of students benefiting from educational vouchers in private schools expressed a high degree of dissatisfaction (mean = 4.09). Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in parental perceptions based on family size, family income, place of residence, and death of a parent. Conclusion: To ensure a balance between parents' financial responsibilities and the cost of private schooling, educational vouchers need to be re-considered to reflect general prices in society. The value of vouchers should be also continuously reviewed and re-evaluated to accommodate changes in economic conditions. Low-income families should be supported by regularly monitoring their conditions, and the list of participating private schools must be continuously reviewed with strict and transparent selection and accountability criteria. Lastly, further research is urged to measure other objectives, aspects, and categories of this program to ensure educational vouchers are beneficial.  
Key Words: Educational voucher coupons, private education, parents, Qatar.  
Submitted 22/7/2024, Accepted  15/12/2024.   
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  The Status and Requirements of Graduate Programs in Educational Leadership and Entrepreneurship at Saudi Universities : Case Study   
Dr. Jawaher Essa Al-Baiz  
Abstract  
Objectives: This study aims to assess the current status and requirements of master’s programs in leadership and entrepreneurship within educational colleges at Saudi public universities, with a focus on developing advanced programs in educational leadership and entrepreneurship. Methodology: A qualitative approach was adopted using a case study design. The study included a survey of Saudi universities websites, and some of international universities, revealing that departments of educational leadership at Saudi universities have not yet established programs specifically in educational leadership and entrepreneurship. Furthermore, existing curricula largely lack relevant courses, with the exception of two universities where entrepreneurship courses are offered as electives. On the other hand, it was found that the international programs focus on integrating entrepreneurship into their curricula.  Results: Through interviews, the study identified essential knowledge, skills, and values sought by the labor market for graduates of educational leadership and entrepreneurship programs. It also highlighted the importance of partnerships in building such programs and analyzed the primary requirements and challenges anticipated in the development and implementation process.   Conclusion: Based on the findings from qualitative analysis, website surveys, and document review, the study proposes several recommendations for establishing a master’s program in educational leadership and entrepreneurship. This proposed program is intended to enhance the competencies of graduates from educational leadership programs, better align educational outcomes with labor market needs, and support the goals of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030.  
Keywords: Master’s program, Educational Leadership, Entrepreneurship in Education.  
 Submitted 4/10/2024, Accepted  17/12/2024.    
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The role of behavioural patterns (A, B, C) in determining personality lifestyles among students at the College of Basic Education in the State of Kuwait  
Prof. Hasan A. Alhumaid,   Dr. Jaber M. Alhubaidah      &       Dr. Sharifa M. Alragam  
Abstract  
Objective: The study aimed to identify the most common behaviour patterns (A, B, C) differences in the personality lifestyle approaches and behavioural patterns, and the interactive effect of gender and academic performance on lifestyle and behavioural patterns among students at the College of Basic Education. Methodology: The employed a descriptive correlational approach, with a sample comprising (618) students from the College of Basic Education, male students (366), female students (252), and each of the measures of personal lifestyles developed by Saleh and Shabal (2014), and the Arabic “behavioural patterns Scale: prepared by Bouafia (2008). Results: The findings showed that Behavioural Patterns (B) was the most prevalent (61.7%), with variations in the discrepancy of patterns between male and female students, Pattern C was notably associated with the “Avoidant” and “Dominant” lifestyle approaches, whereas Pattern B was linked to the “Socially Beneficial” lifestyle, Significant differences were observed in the “Avoidant” lifestyle favouring students with lower academic performance, While the “Socially Beneficial” lifestyle was associated with higher-performing students. Additionally, gender differences appeared in Behavioural Pattern B favouring males, and in Pattern C, favouring females. Conclusion: The study also found gender-related differences in the “Avoidant”, “Selfish” and “Dominant” lifestyle approaches, which tended to Favor female students. Furthermore, there were notable gender and academic performance interactions in the “Socially Beneficial” lifestyle, favouring male students with higher academic achievement.  
Keywords: Personal lifestyles - Behavioural patterns (A, B, C) - Adler theory. 
Submitted 23/9/2024, Accepted  22/12/2024.    
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 The Family and School Reading Environment and their relationship to Reading Motivation and Reading Behavior among Middle School  Students  
Prof. Mohammed S. Sulaiman  
Abstract  
 Objectives: The current study aimed to identify the relationship of the family and school reading environment  to reading motivation and reading behavior, and to reveal the most variables of the family reading environment and the school reading environment in predicting reading motivation and reading behavior.  Methodology: The study sample consisted of (372) students in middle schools. Measures of: reading motivation, reading behavior, family reading environment and school reading environment were used as instruments. Results: The results showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between the family reading environment and both reading motivation and reading behavior. It showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the school reading environment and both reading motivation and reading behavior. The results indicated that family reading resources, teacher support and the school library explained (29.5%) of the reading motivation. It was also found that the family reading resources, family reading habits, family reading interaction, classroom environment and teacher support explained (41.6%) of the reading behavior. Conclusion: The current study emphasizes the importance of both the family and school reading environment in developing reading motivation and reading behavior among middle school students. It also emphasized the significant role of family reading resources, family reading habits, and family reading interaction in improving reading motivation and reading behavior. It also showed that teacher support, classroom environment, and school library play a significant role in improving reading motivation and reading behavior.  
Keywords: Family reading support; School reading support; Reading motivation; Reading behavior; 8th grade. 
Submitted 17/10/2024, Accepted  24/12/2024.   
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Exploring Digital Citizenship and Online Learning Engagement Among University Freshmen  
Abrar S. Almoosa;  Fatimah M. Alhashem, Ahmad R. Alsaber & Anwaar M. Alkandari   
Abstract  
Objectives: This research examines students' level of digital awareness and their preparation for college in Kuwait. The investigation of students' current level of digital awareness aims to identify gaps in their preparation for college to utilize digital platforms, devices, and software effectively. The findings provide valuable insights for education policymakers, school administrators, and teachers to develop strategies and interventions to improve students' digital literacy skills and ensure they are prepared for the digital challenges they will face in college and beyond. Methodology: This study explores the multifaceted dimensions of digital citizenship and its impact on first-year students' online learning. A comprehensive literature review identified key aspects of digital citizenship, including digital access, communication, culture, and the critical role of online safety and ethical behavior. To empirically explore these dimensions, we developed a survey based on existing frameworks and administered it to 178 freshmen students in Kuwait, focusing on their digital engagement in an educational context. The survey explored students' access to digital resources, communication practices, cultural adaptation to digital technologies, satisfaction with online education, and perceptions of digital transformation. Results: Our analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed significant relationships between digital information fluency, satisfaction with the educational process, and general learning engagement. These results emphasize the importance of digital fluency and educational satisfaction in fostering meaningful digital learning experiences. Conclusion: The discussion relates these empirical findings to the literature and emphasizes the need for comprehensive digital citizenship curricula incorporating technological proficiency and ethical and safety considerations.  
Keywords: Preparedness - Online education - Digital citizenship - Digital literacy-  Digital awareness.  
Submitted 6/8/2024, Accepted  29/12/2024.    
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A Proposed Program to Develop the Skills of the Self-Assessment Team in the light of Evaluation and School Accreditation Standards for Public Schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia    
Dr. Hind A. Al saidy  
Abstract  
Objectives: The study aimed to identify the skills necessary for self-assessment teams in public schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the light of standards of evaluation and school accreditation, and to determine their importance from the perspective of the heads and members of the self-assessment teams. The study also aimed to develop a proposed training program to enhance the skills of the self-assessment team. Methodology: The descriptive-analytical method was used by preparing a list of school self-assessment skills and applying a questionnaire to determine the importance of these skills from the perspective of the study sample, which consisted of 157 heads and members of self-assessment teams in public schools in Jeddah. Results: The study concluded that the importance of school self-assessment skills from the perspective of the heads and members of the self-assessment teams in public schools was high. The study proposed a training program to enhance the self-assessment skills of the heads and members of the self-assessment teams in public schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.  
Key words: School Self-assessment, School Accreditation Standards, Training Program.  
Submitted 11/11/2024, Accepted  1/1/2025.  
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  Predictability of the Looking Glass Self, and Self-Presentation in Body Dysmorphic Symptoms among Adolescents   
Dr. Asmaa A. Al-Madaineh  & Prof. Fawaz A. Al-Momani   
Abstract   
 Objective: This study aimed to reveal the predictive ability of the concept looking glass self and self-presentation in the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder among adolescents. Methodology: To achieve the objectives of the study the researchers used three scales; the Looking Glass Self- Scale was constructed by researchers, Self-Presentation Scale which was developed by (Ackerman, 1979), and Body Dysmorphic Disorder Symptoms Scale which was developed by (Veale et al., 2014), The validity and reliability of the scales were verified. The study sample consisted of 607 adolescents included 377 females 230 males from public school students in Madaba, Jordan. They were selected conveniently. Result: there is a medium level in the looking glass self, self-presentation, and symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder among adolescents. The results have also indicated the ability of the looking glass self, self-presentation and gender in predicting symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder among adolescents. Recommendations: The researchers recommend focusing on raising the level looking glass self and self-presentation by giving adolescents important basic psychological needs to improve their self-concept and personal identity, and teaching them positive self-presentation strategies.   
Key words:   looking glass self, self-presentation, symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder, adolescent.  
Submitted 10/11/2024, Accepted  12/1/2025.    
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The Reality of Teaching Practices at the Joint Giftedness Academy in the State of Kuwait from the Teachers’ Prespective    
Dr. Fahed A. AlRashidi   
Abstract  
Objectives: This study aimed to explore the reality of teaching practices at the Joint Giftedness Academy in the State of Kuwait from the Teachers’ Prespective.   Methodology: The study employed descriptive survey approach, utilizing purposive sample of 36 teachers at the Joint Giftedness Academy in the State of Kuwait. For this study, a scale consisting of 49 items was developed and distributed across four domains: planning, implementation, thinking skills, and evaluation.   Results: The study found that the teachers at the Joint Giftedness Academy in the State of Kuwait rated their teaching practices for gifted students as high in all domains. No significant differences in teaching practices based on the teachers' academic qualifications were found.  Conclusion: The study revealed a high level of teaching practices among teachers at the Joint Giftedness Academy. Based on the findings, the study recommended continuous provision of training programs and workshops for teachers in all domains covered by the study instrument to enhance further and improve their performance.    
Keywords: Joint Giftedness Academy, State of Kuwait, Teaching Practices, Teachers, Giftedness.   
Submitted 13/11/2024, Accepted  22/1/2025.     
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The reality of using generative artificial intelligence applications (ChatGPT) in the development of English language skills for students of the college of language at Saudi universities   
Dr. Safia S. AlDaiel   
Abstract   
  Objectives: This study aimed to explore the use of generative artificial intelligence applications “ChatGPT” in developing English language skills among female students in the College of Languages at a Saudi university. Methodology: A descriptive methodology was applied collecting data through through a questionnaire administered to 195 students to identify the extent and reality of using generative artificial intelligence applications in enhancing essential English language skills: speaking, writing, reading, and listening. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 faculty members from the College of Languages to explore their perceptions of the use of generative AI applications in developing students' English language skills. Results: The study indicated that the use generative artificial intelligence applications positively contribute to the development of English language skills, particularly in writing, with a moderate to low level in speaking and reading. The applications also enhance students' confidence, enhance peer interaction, and foster creative thinking. Conclusion: The study recommended a set of measures, including the providing academic usage guidelines for generative artificial intelligence applications and organizing training programs to enhance students’ skills.   
Keywords: Generative Artificial Intelligence, ChatGPT, English language skills, Language College students, Saudi University.   
Submitted 22/11/2024, Accepted  27/1/2025.     
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 Educational Institutions and Their Role in Promoting Social Control - The School as a Model  ‏(A study on female secondary school students in the ‎Ahmadi educational region)   
   Dr. Khaled M. Al-Rumaidi                Dr. Amal Mohammed A. Al-Azmi     
Abstract   
Objectives: This study aimed to identify the role of educational institutions in promoting social control for female secondary school students in the Ahmadi educational area, by identifying the role of the school in promoting (religious, social and political) control among female secondary school students. Methodology: The descriptive method was used for its suitability to the subject of the study, and a questionnaire was developed, and the study sample consisted of 326 female secondary school students in the Ahmadi educational area. Result: this study reached a set of results, the most important of which were that the school seeks to instill the values of faith and monotheism in Allah within the hearts of female students, and the school has a great role in linking activity programs to the positive customs and traditions prevailing in society. in addition to the school directs female students away from political trends that violate the laws and regulations of the State of Kuwait. Conclusion: Working to develop long-term educational plans that are consistent with the requirements of social control and ways to enhance it among students. As well as, designing more topics related to social control in the curricula.    
Keywords: Educational Institutions, School, Social Control.   
Submitted 5/1/2025, Accepted  29/1/2025.     
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The Impact of a Proposed Training Program on Improving Teaching Practices Among Female Teachers of Mathematics: An Action Research Study   
Samiyah H. Al-Harbi   
Abstract  
Objectives: This study aimed to explore the impact of a proposed training program on improving certain teaching practices among female teachers of mathematics. Methodology: An action research method was employed through four stages (planning, action, observation, and reflection), where a professional development intervention was applied to the teachers. A descriptive research design was used to assess the current state of teaching practices before the intervention. Additionally, a quasi-experimental design with a single group and pre-test/post-test was utilized to evaluate the impact of the intervention on the teaching practices of a sample of )50) Female teachers of mathematics from public schools under the supervision of the Riyadh Educational Administration, where the researcher serves as a mathematics supervisor. Data were collected using a teaching practices observation checklist accompanied by a performance rubric. Results: The findings revealed a (weak) level of teaching practices among teachers before implementing the professional development program. A statistically significant difference at the (0.01) level was found between the teachers'  mean scores in the pre- and post-tests, favoring the post-test. However, Cohen's "d" value was (0.421), indicating a (weak) effect of the proposed training program on improving the teaching practices of mathematics teachers. Conclusion: This study provided a professional development opportunity for both the supervisor/researcher and the participating teachers. Although the program's impact was not substantial, it represents a promising starting point for challenging traditional teaching practices and replacing them with more advanced and effective methods that align with the reformed mathematics curricula.   
Keywords: Mathematics Teacher, Teaching Practices, Action Research,  reformed mathematics curricula.   
Submitted 12/1/2025, Accepted  18/2/2025.     
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An Analytical Study of the Errors Patterns in Solving Rational Equations among 9^th Grade Students  
Aya M. Alhabash                                     Prof. Ibrahim A. El-Shara   
Abstract   |
    Objectives: This study aimed to investigate errors’ patterns among ninth-grade students in solving rational equations. Methodology: An analytical descriptive method was used, a random sample of 420 male and female students was selected from public schools in the Al-Quwaisimah District. An essay test included 6 equations were developed and verified the validity and consistency of correction. Results: The results of the study showed the presence of many types of errors, including crossing out the variable from the numerator and denominator on both sides of the equality, finding a single value for the square root of a natural number in solving the quadratic equation, and analyzing the quadratic expression  as . The results also showed the most common patterns of errors are errors in the law of distribution, factoring the quadratic expression into its prime factors, not excluding the zeros of the denominator from solving the equation. Conclusion: Based on the results, the researchers recommend the necessary for mathematics teachers to conduct diagnostic tests, Increased interest in conceptual teaching  .    
Keywords: Mathematics, Rational Equation, Common Errors, Ninth Grade.   
Submitted 8/1/2025, Accepted  13/3/2025.     
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An Analytical Study of Code-Switching Between Modern Standard Arabic and the Kuwaiti Dialect Among Arabic Language Teachers    
Aisha A. Alkanderi                                       Dr.Eman T. Alsharhan      
Abstract   
Objectives: This study examines code-switching between Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and Kuwaiti Arabic among Arabic language teachers in Kuwaiti schools, analyzing its patterns, causes, and impact on education. It explores whether code-switching enhances students' comprehension as a pedagogical strategy or reflects teachers' insufficient MSA proficiency. Additionally, it investigates gender differences and social factors influencing their occurrence in classrooms. Methodology: The study employs a descriptive-analytical approach using a mixed-methods design that integrates both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The qualitative component includes classroom recordings and field observations to identify code-switching patterns. The quantitative component involves a questionnaire administered to Arabic teachers to assess its prevalence and their attitudes toward it. Results: Findings indicate that code-switching is a common classroom practice used to simplify explanations, enhance interaction, and create an engaging learning environment. However, phonological level switching often stems from weak MSA proficiency, potentially hindering students' language acquisition. Female teachers tend to adhere more to MSA than male teachers, while no clear correlation was found between age and code-switching frequency, with social and educational factors being more influential. Conclusion: The study concludes that code-switching can be an effective pedagogical tool when used strategically, as it facilitates comprehension and encourages participation. However, unregulated switching, particularly due to linguistic deficiencies, may compromise education quality. The study recommends training teachers in structured pedagogical strategies to ensure a balanced integration of MSA and Kuwaiti Arabic in classrooms.    
Keywords: Code-Switching, Diglossia, Modern Standard Arabic, Kuwaiti Dialect, Arabic language teachers.   
Submitted 9/12/2024, Accepted  26/3/2025.     
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Facilitation of Learners’ Digital Competence: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Competence and Its Reality Among Students at Al-Aqsa University   
Hasan R. Mahdi   
Abstract   
Objectives : design a scientific tool to measure the facilitation of learners’ digital competence and validate its exploratory and confirmatory factor structures, in addition to examining the reality of this competence among students of the Faculty of Education at Al-Aqsa University. Methodology: The sample included 3,000 students, and a questionnaire was developed based on international digital competence frameworks, comprising four main dimensions: information and media literacy, digital communication and collaboration, responsible usage, and digital problem-solving. Results: The results showed that the tool demonstrated strong goodness-of-fit indices after undergoing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, supporting its validity and accuracy in measuring the facilitation of learners’ digital competence. The findings also indicated that the facilitation of learners’ digital competence was rated as “high,” with senior academic levels excelling in the “digital problem-solving” dimension, and no significant differences observed between genders. Conclusion: The study recommended integrating digital competencies into curricula and teacher preparation programs, organizing training workshops to enhance responsible usage and digital problem-solving, and improving digital infrastructure in educational institutions.   
Keywords: Digital competencies, Competencies, facilitation of learners’ digital competence, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.   
Submitted 16/2/2025, Accepted  7/4/2025.     
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Cultural Tightness from the perspectives of Faculty Members at the College of Education, Kuwait University: A Comparative Educational Approach to the Study of Social Norms and Moral Values  
Dr. Sara H. Alnufaishan   
Abstract   
Objectives: This study examined the degrees of cultural tightness among faculty members at the College of Education, Kuwait University. Methodology: The study employed descriptive and comparative correlational approaches. Data was collected by the Cultural Tightness scale in university classes as perceived by faculty members, which was administered to a sample of 40 faculty members at the College of Education, Kuwait University. Results: According to the results obtained the faculty members reported that there is a medium level of cultural tightness within the university. It was also found that the faculty members practice medium levels of cultural tightness regarding both behaviors related and unrelated to students’ learning. Conclusion: The study concluded with some recommendations and suggestions including, working to create university learning environments that take into consideration the prevailing culture with allowing flexibility in some areas.   
Keywords: Cultural Tightness, Faculty members, Comparative educational approach, Social norms, Moral values.   
Submitted 14/1/2025, Accepted  7/4/2025.    
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Organizational Health and Organizational Commitment Among Government Primary School Teachers in Al-Jahra Governorate in the State of  Kuwait   
Dr. Rimah A. Al-Dhafiri   
Abstract   
Objective: The study aimed to determine the level of organizational health among government primary school teachers from teachers' point of view in Al-Jahra Governorate in the State of Kuwait to identify the level of organizational commitment in government primary schools from teachers' point of view in Al-Jahra Governorate in the State of Kuwait. In addition to reveal the correlation between organizational health and Organizational commitment among primary school teachers in government schools in Al-Jahra Governorate in the State of Kuwait. Curriculum: The study relied on the descriptive, correlational approach. The study used a questionnaire for organizational health and organizational commitment. The validity and reliability of the study tools were verified using appropriate statistical methods . The study tool was applied on a sample of (186) primary school teachers in government schools in Al-Jahra Governorate in the State of Kuwait.   Results of the study concluded that the level of organizational health among the study sample was at an average level, and the level of organizational commitment among the study sample was also at an average level. The study revealed a positive correlation with statistical significance between organizational health and organizational commitment among the study sample. Conclusion: A set of recommendations were presented including the importance of teachers’ participation in the decision-making process and the importance of developing human relations in primary schools.   
Submitted 30/6/2024, Accepted  28/4/2025.     
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 The level of psychological flow and its relationship to professional creativity among female faculty assistants at Riyadh universities    
Dr. Rasmiah F.  Alotaibi   
Abstract   
Objectives: The study aimed to identify the relationship between psychological flow and professional creativity among female faculty assistants at Riyadh universities, and to reveal the level of psychological flow and the level of professional creativity. It also aimed to identify the positive impact of psychological flow on professional creativity among the female assistants in the study sample. Methodology: The study followed the descriptive comparative correlational approach, and the study sample consisted of 120 female faculty assistants at two academic institutions in Riyadh. The tools used were the psychological flow and professional creativity scales (prepared by the researcher). Results: The results showed that there is a strong positive correlation between psychological flow and professional creativity among female faculty assistants at Riyadh universities. It also showed that female faculty assistants enjoy a high level of both psychological flow and professional creativity. The study also found that there is a positive impact of psychological flow on professional creativity among the study sample of female faculty assistants at Riyadh universities. Conclusion: The study recommended continuing to support female assistants to maintain the high level of professional creativity among female faculty assistants, holding courses to maintain psychological flow, and focusing on holding guidance programs to develop psychological flow to improve their professional creativity.   
Keywords: Psychological Flow, Professional Creativity, Female Faculty Assistants.   
Submitted 31/1/2025, Accepted  18/5/2025.     
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 The Degree of the Digital Incubators contribution to achieving competitive advantage Kuwait University from the point of view of Faculty Members and its relationship to Some Variables   
Dr. Mubarak A. Al-Barazi    
Abstract   
Objectives: The study aimed to identify the reality of achieving competitive advantage at Kuwait University from the point of view of faculty members in light of the digital incubators approach, and its relationship to some variables. The study tool was a questionnaire applied to a random sample of (145) faculty members and administrative university leaders. Methodology: The study used the descriptive analytical approach. Results: The study reached a number of results, including that the first axis, the reality of digital incubators, came in a "high" degree, except for the fourth dimension: the evaluation stage: evaluating the services provided by the digital incubator at the university. It came in a medium degree. The phrases of the second axis, achieving competitive advantage, came in a "high" degree, except for the fourth dimension: creativity. It came in a medium degree. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the average responses of the study sample members on the questionnaire axes attributed to the variables of job and years of experience, which indicates the agreement of the sample members on the mechanisms supporting competitive advantage. Conclusion: The study recommended a number of recommendations and proposals that would revolve around the success of digital incubators at Kuwait University. Digital incubators should seek to emulate best practices, and do everything they can to help the university in them to accelerate their entrepreneurial processes to achieve the university's competitive advantage.    
 Keywords: Competitive advantage, incubators, digital, universities.   
Submitted 13/1/2025, Accepted  19/5/2025.     
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The Extent of Change Leadership Practice among Department Heads in Public Schools in the State of Kuwait in Light of Selected Variables   
Dr. Salem S. Alhajeri   
Abstract  
Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the extent to which department heads in public education schools in the State of Kuwait engage in change leadership, and to examine the differences in participants’ perceptions regarding the degree of this practice based on the variables of gender, academic qualification, years of service, and academic specialization. Methodology: To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher employed the descriptive method using a questionnaire developed across five dimensions: strategic planning, encouragement and stimulation of creativity, human relations, problem-solving and decision-making, and evaluation and continuous improvement. The questionnaire was administered to a sample of 774 male and female teachers selected using the random sampling method. Results: The study found that department heads demonstrate a high level of engagement in change leadership practices. The results also revealed statistically significant differences in participants’ responses regarding the gender variable, with males reporting higher levels, and the academic specialization variable, with activity-based subjects showing higher responses. In contrast, no statistically significant differences were found based on academic qualification and years of service. Conclusion: The study concluded with several recommendations, including the need to enhance the competencies of department heads in the areas of strategic planning and evaluation.    
Keywords: Change Leadership, Department Head, Resident Supervisor, Teacher.  
Submitted 10/4/2025, Accepted  25/5/2025.    
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Research Trends of Master’s Theses in the Department of Foundations of Education at Kuwait University (2013-2023):   A content analysis study   
Dr. Farah A. Almutawa    
Abstract   
Objectives: This study aimed to explore the research trends of master’s theses approved in the Department of Foundations of Education at Kuwait University during the period (2013-2023), related to general data, research methodology, target groups, and fields of foundations of education. Methodology: The study followed the descriptive approach, and relied on the qualitative method represented by a content analysis in collecting and analyzing data. The study sample included 133 master’s theses. Results: The most significant findings of the study were: 1- The number of university theses varied from year to year, 2- The predominance of female researchers (master’s students) over male researchers was very high reaching 89.47%, 3- Researchers tended to opt for individual supervision at a rate of  96.99% compared to joint supervision, 4- Most theses were directed to qualitative research at 87% and to the use of the descriptive survey methods at 98%, 5- The questionnaire was the most used tool, forming 76.69%, followed by the content analysis tool at 15.03%. The results also showed that the field of educational foundations was the highest chosen at 35.33%, followed by the field of social foundations at 21.05%, while the field of historical foundations was the least researched. Conclusion: The study recommended encouraging researchers to diversity and balance in the use of research methods and tools, developing their qualitative research skills, and setting research priorities that determine the direction of educational research in the Foundations of Education.   
Key words: Research trends, Educational research, Master’s theses, Foundations of Education, Kuwait University.    
Submitted 2/5/2025, Accepted  29/5/2025.     
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Requirements to Applying Qualitative Research Methods in Educational Administration Studies in College of Education at King Saud University   
Prof. Khaled S. Al-Sebeay      &        Dr. Ghada S. Al-Salem         
K.S.A.
Abstract  
Objectives: This study aimed to identify the current state of applying qualitative research methodologies and to determine the necessary requirements for their effective implementation within educational administration studies. Methodology: A qualitative approach and utilized the interview instrument to collect data and information from the study participants. Results: The most significant were: 
* The application of qualitative research in educational administration studies was found to be weak, primarily due to the prevalent focus of most educational studies on quantitative methods using descriptive survey designs, and the widespread ease of their use by researchers.   
*  The most significant anticipated requirements for implementing qualitative research in educational administration studies include disseminating a culture of interest in qualitative research among postgraduate students in educational administration, providing specialized training courses on how to apply qualitative research to develop the skills of postgraduate students in this field, in addition to allocating a specific course on qualitative research within the curricula of postgraduate programs in educational administration, encouraging postgraduate students to apply qualitative research in their research and theses, and providing the necessary support to them through the establishment of a unit dedicated to offering relevant consultations.  
Conclusion: The study concluded with several recommendations emphasizing the need for decision-makers in the Faculty of Education to meet the requirements for applying qualitative research in educational administration studies, and urging and encouraging researchers, postgraduate students, and faculty members to utilize qualitative research in investigating research issues and problems in the field of educational administration.   
Keywords: Qualitative Research, Educational Administration, Research Design, Qualitative Analysis.   
Submitted 17/5/2025, Accepted  23/6/2025.     
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The Impact of Interaction between Adaptive Presentation Patterns of Content and Self-Regulated Learning Styles on Developing Mobile Learning Skills Among College of Education Students   
Dr. Ahmed M. Elmabaredy  
Abstract  
Objectives: The research aimed to identify the most suitable pattern for adaptive presentation of content (frames/multimedia) and determine the best style for self-regulated e-learning (cognitive/metacognitive). Also, investigate the interaction between adaptive presentation patterns of content and self-regulated learning styles by its impact on developing mobile learning skills among college of education students. Methodology: The research adopted quasi-experimental approach, and 2x2 factorial design. The research sample consisted of 124 third-year students from the Faculty of Education at Suez University, who were divided into four experimental groups according to the research design. The instruments included an achievement test of cognitive aspects related to mobile learning skills, and a product standards checklist. Data was analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA. Results: The results showed that the multimedia-based technique was the most suitable for adaptive content presentation; it had a significant impact on the achievement of students with cognitive self-regulation and improving the production skills of mobile learning among students with metacognitive self-regulation. The main effect of self-regulated learning styles was found to be equal, while there was no significant interaction effect between adaptive presentation patterns of content and self-regulated learning styles on skills development among students. Recommendations: Accordingly, the study recommended presenting adaptive content according to multimedia technique, when developing e-learning environments for College of Education students with self-regulated learning.  
Keyword: Adaptive Content; Adaptive Hypermedia; Self-Regulated Learning; M-Learning Applications.  
Submitted 23/3/2025, Accepted  29/6/2025.    
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A Suggested Proposal for Achieving Self-Professional Development for Teachers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in light of the Fifth Industrial Revolution Requirements  
Dr. Ilham Mohammed Ali Alahmari  
Abstract  
Objectives: The study aimed at developing a suggested proposal for achieving teachers' self-professional development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in light of the Fifth Industrial Revolution requirements. Methodology: The descriptive survey method was used depending on the study instrument: a questionnaire about the mechanisms for achieving teachers' self-professional development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in light of the Fifth Industrial Revolution requirements. It was applied to a sample of 380 male and female teachers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 120371 male and female teachers. Results: The study indicated that there was a high degree of agreement on the proposed mechanisms for achieving teachers' self-professional development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in light of the Fifth Industrial Revolution requirements. The technical field was in the first rank followed by the educational field and the cultural field. The study found out there were no statistically significant differences at α≤0.05  significance level in the questionnaire pivots between males and females, but there were statistically significant differences at α≤0.05 significance level in the questionnaire pivots and the total score among the different qualifications in favor of those holding a doctorate. In addition, there are differences between the different years of experience in favor of less than 10 years. Conclusion: A suggested proposal was developed to achieve teachers' self-professional development in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in light of the Fifth Industrial Revolution requirements.  
Keywords: Suggested Proposal, Self-Professional Development, the Fifth Industrial Revolution Requirements.  
Submitted 25/5/2025, Accepted  29/6/2025.    
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 Developing a proposed educational program based on geospatial data standards and measuring its effectiveness in developing related concepts among undergraduate students at the University of Al Buraimi in the Sultanate of Oman   
Muna Rashid AL-Naaimi        &         Prof. Fahad Ali AL-Omairi  
Sultanate of Oman
Abstract  
Objectives: To develop a proposed educational program based on geospatial data standards and measure its effectiveness in developing spatial decision-making skills among undergraduate students at the University of Buraimi in the Sultanate of Oman. Methodology: A mixed approach was used, consisting of a quasi-experimental approach with a single-group design to measure the effectiveness of the proposed educational program, and a case study approach to enrich the study with qualitative data. Two study groups, totaling 30 male and female students, were intentionally selected, while 5 male students were selected to conduct the case study. Quantitative data were collected using an attitude test. Qualitative data, using the case study method, were collected using three tools: semi-structured interview questions, student diaries, and classroom reflections.  Results: There were statistically significant differences at the significance level α≤0.01 between the mean scores of the study group on the two measures of the attitude test. The effect size for the dependent variable was 6.30, which is a very high effect size, and the Black's adjusted gain coefficient value was 1.66, which is a high percentage, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed educational program. The qualitative results also confirmed the program's pioneering role in developing the case study students' skills, given its relevance to their current reality and its ability to engage them in learning the program's topics. Conclusion: The Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research, and Innovation of Oman can benefit from the proposed educational program, and a set of proposals for future studies are presented.   
Keywords: Geospatial Data Standards, Spatial Decision-Making Skills, Undergraduate Students.  
Submitted 20/6/2025, Accepted 17/7/2025.    
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 The Role of the Green Classroom in Developing Educational Creativity among Students at the Basic Education in the Sultanate of Oman   
Dr. Huda M. Aldayri    -  Prof. Abdullah. K. Ambusaidi   -   Abdullah Kh. AlSaadi   &    Abdullah Y. Al Rawahi  Abstract  
Objectives: The study aims to reveal the role of green classroom in developing educational creativity among students at the basic education stage in the Sultanate of Oman. Methodology: The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach. The study sample consisted of 1025 male and female students whom enrolled in the green classroom at the green schools’ project in the Sultanate of Oman. The study tools consisted of two tools. The first tool was the educational creativity scale, which consists of 19 statements distributed over three main axes: learner participation, physical environment, and psychological climate for learning. The validity of this tool was confirmed through apparent validity and internal construct validity. It was also confirmed by calculating it by applying the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which reached 0.89, and omega, which reached 0.90. The second tool was the focal interview (focus groups). Results: concluded that the role of the green classroom in developing educational creativity was very high. The result also indicated that there is a statistically significant difference in students' responses towards the role of the green classroom in developing educational creativity according to the gender variable in favor of females. Conclusion: The study recommended there is need for spreading the culture of the Green Classroom concept throughout all schools across the Sultanate of Oman at all educational levels.   
Keywords: Green Classroom, Educational Creativity, Sultanate of Oman, Students, Basic Education  
Submitted 27/5/2025, Accepted 20/7/2025.    
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 Education Teachers in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait are Compatible with the Characteristics and Needs of Students with Disabilities   
Dr. Ohoud Nasser Alhajeri  
Abstract  
Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the compatibility of teaching strategies of special education teachers in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait with the needs and characteristics of students with disabilities. Curriculum: The study followed the descriptive analytical comparative approach, and a questionnaire was constructed that included 30 statements. The study sample consisted of 308 male and female teachers, 100 from Egypt, 115 from Saudi Arabia, and 93 from Kuwait. Results: The results of the study showed that the level of awareness among teachers in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait was average, while it was low in Egypt. The level of application of appropriate teaching strategies was average in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, and low in Egypt. The study indicated the existence of statistically significant differences between the three countries in favor of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. No statistically significant differences were found related to different specializations, academic qualifications, or gender at the evaluation level. Conclusion: The study provided recommendations to raise the level of awareness of the implementation of effective teaching strategies in the field of special education.  
Keywords: special education teachers, teaching strategies, students with disabilities.   
Submitted 14/12/2024, Accepted  23/7/2025.    
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The Mediating Role of Educational Technology Perception and Digital Knowledge in the Relationship Between the Use of Artificial Intelligence and Teaching Effectiveness Among Teachers in Arar City    
Dr. Hmad T. Alenzi   
Abstract  
Objectives: The study aimed to analyze the direct and indirect effects of public education teachers' use of artificial intelligence (AI) applications on teaching effectiveness, by examining the mediating role of educational technology perception and digital knowledge. Methodology: A descriptive correlational approach was adopted. Four scales were developed to measure the main variables: use of AI applications, teaching effectiveness, perception of educational technology, and digital knowledge. The instruments were administered to a sample of 278 secondary school teachers in Arar, Saudi Arabia. Results: The results showed a significant direct positive effect of using AI applications on teaching effectiveness (β = 0.979, R² = 0.958). Indirect effects were also found through educational technology perception (β = 0.971) and digital knowledge (β = 0.966). A partial mediation effect was evident, with high significance for some indirect paths (1.482), (0.888), and (0.757) at the 0.01 level. Recommendations: The study recommended specialized training programs for teachers on classroom integration of AI applications, including practical workshops to enhance teaching effectiveness. It also emphasized the need to improve digital infrastructure in schools. Limitations: The findings are limited to secondary school teachers in Arar. Additionally, the study’s timing and potential digital infrastructure limitations may affect the generalizability and applicability of results, requiring caution in interpretation and implementation.   
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Teaching Effectiveness, Educational Technology Perception, Digital Knowledge.   
Submitted 12/2/2025, Accepted 27/7/2025.    
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 The Impact of Pocket Money on the Financial Literacy of Primary School Students from Parents’ Perspective   
Khulood Kh. Haidarah   -   Eman A. Rafya   -    FATHIYA M. AL-JABNI   -  Dr. Huda Al-Kubaisi  &
Hana Alashwal       
Abstract
Objectives: This study explores the role of pocket money in developing financial literacy among elementary school students in Qatar, based on parents’ perspectives. It analyzes the relationship between pocket money practices and children’s ability to save, financial planning, and expenditure prioritization, highlighting the role of parental guidance in shaping these financial habits.  Methodology: The study adopted a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data were collected through an electronic questionnaire consisting of 25 questions covering four main areas: pocket money practices, parental involvement, its role in enhancing financial awareness, and its impact on financial behavior. The survey involved 270 parents. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with 16 parents.  Results: The results show that pocket money plays a significant role in developing financial skills in children, especially with parental guidance. It also reveals that parents’ age influences their views on pocket money and its importance in teaching financial literacy to children, with statistically significant differences found in parental involvement and financial behavior. Conversely, household income had little impact, suggesting that other demographic factors, such as parents’ age, may have a more significant influence.  Conclusion: Based on the findings, the study recommends encouraging the use of pocket money as an effective educational tool for instilling financial responsibility within an organized cultural and social framework.   
Keywords: Pocket money, financial literacy, parental involvement, financial education, children’s financial behavior.  
Submitted 25/2/2025, Accepted 27/7/2025.    
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 Effectiveneds of Mindfulness-Based Training Program to Improve Positive Thinking Skills and Academic Self-Efficacy among Psychology Students at Al-Aqsa University   
Dr. Abdullah A. Al-Khatib            &                 Dr. Radwan A. Abu Rukba    
Palestine
Abstract   
Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based training program in improving positive thinking skills and academic self-efficacy among psychology students at Al-Aqsa University. Methodology: The study used a quasi-experimental design. The study sample consisted of (30) female students, divided into two groups: an experimental group consisting of (15) students, and a control group consisting of (15) students. Homogeneity between the groups was ensured in terms of the level of positive thinking skills and academic self-efficacy. The study employed the Positive Thinking Skills Scale and the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, both prepared by the researchers, and the mindfulness-based counseling program, which was applied to the experimental group through (18) counseling sessions over a period of eight weeks. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the means of both positive thinking skills and academic self-efficacy between the experimental group and the control group after applying the counseling program, in favor of the experimental group. Additionally, there were statistically significant differences in the means of positive thinking skills and academic self-efficacy between the pre-test and post-test measurements in favor of the post-test for the experimental group. The effectiveness of the mindfulness-based counseling program also persisted in the follow-up measurement two months after the program was applied to the experimental group. Conclusion: It is necessary to integrate mindfulness programs within the contexts of academic courses that include all university students, as they contain fundamental components essential for building the university student's personality.  
Keywords: Mindfulness-based training program, Positive thinking skills, Academic self-efficacy.   
Submitted 14/5/2025, Accepted 27/7/2025.    
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The Extent of Psychological Capital’s Contribution to Reflective Thinking Among Teachers Holding the Professional License    
Dr. Khawlah Kh. ALbarjas   
K.S.A.  
Abstract   
Objectives: This study aimed to explore the levels of psychological capital and reflective thinking among teachers holding a professional license in Saudi Arabia. It also examined the extent to which psychological capital contributes to reflective thinking and investigated differences in both constructs based on gender and experience.  Methodology: To achieve these objectives, a descriptive correlational analytical approach was used. A convenience sample of 384 licensed teachers (male and female) participated in the study. Two researcher-developed instruments were administered to measure psychological capital and reflective thinking. Results: The findings revealed a moderate level of both psychological capital and reflective thinking among the participants. Three dimensions of psychological capital (self-efficacy, hope, and optimism) were found to predict 56% of reflective thinking. No significant differences were observed in psychological capital or reflective thinking based on gender. However, teachers with less than 6 years of experience showed higher psychological capital than those with 6–12 years. In contrast, reflective thinking was higher among teachers with over 13 years of experience compared to those with 6–12 years.   Conclusion: The study concluded that both psychological capital and reflective thinking are moderately present among licensed teachers. Psychological capital significantly predicts reflective thinking, highlighting the importance of fostering both constructs in educators due to their potential impact on student outcomes.   
Keywords: Psychological Capital, Reflective Thinking, Professional License, Teachers.   
Submitted 22/4/2025, Accepted 31/7/2025.     
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 Artificial Intelligence and the Student Experience in Higher Education: An Institutional Study of the Opinions of Students and Staff at Kuwait University   
Dr. Waleed Kh. Alenezi  
State of Kuwait 
Abstract  
Objectives: This study aims to assess the opinions of students and administrative staff at Kuwait University regarding the use of AI in the educational environment, and to identify differences in these opinions based on gender, professional status, technological literacy, and computer use at work. Methodology: A descriptive quantitative approach was used, and a structured questionnaire was presented to collect data from participants. Where a sample of 528 randomly selected students and administrative staff at Kuwait University. Results: The results showed that although participants were generally optimistic about the potential benefits of AI, there were some concerns regarding the interaction between students and teachers. Substantially, one of the most notable findings is that the variables of technological familiarity and usual computer use significantly influence students' and teachers' perceptions and opinions about the use of AI in higher education, while gender and academic position do not significantly influence them. The variable of computer use at work was excluded from the final analysis due to its limited applicability to the student majority of the sample. Conclusion: it was recommended to improve technology literacy through training programs and awareness campaigns among students and teachers in higher education to address potential barriers related to the application of AI in the educational environment.   
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Student experience, Institutional perspective, Kuwait University.  
Submitted 12/7/2025, Accepted 13/8/2025   
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Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Blended Learning in Improving Academic Achievement and Several Psychological, Social, and Cognitive Variables in Light of Demographic Variables     
Prof. Issa M. Al-Balhan  
State of Kuwait    
Abstract  
Objectives: This analytical study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of blended learning in improving academic achievement and several psychological, social, and cognitive variables in light of demographic variables through a meta-analysis of 150 studies and academic dissertations published between 2000 and 2023. Methodology: The study employed a meta-analytical approach, applying a coding model for data collection, and followed a random-effects model due to the heterogeneity of effect sizes across studies. The study examined dependent variables including: academic achievement, creativity, critical thinking, social values, life skills, social interaction, learning motivation, analytical thinking, positive behavior, teamwork skills, and strategic thinking. Results: The results showed that blended learning achieved an overall mean effect size of 0.82 on academic achievement, which is a strong effect size according to Cohen's classification. The results also demonstrated a notable positive impact on most psychological variables, particularly life skills and learning motivation, while the effect was lower on positive behavior. It was found that blended learning was most effective at the secondary and technical education levels 0.65, and its impact increased with longer implementation periods, reaching a mean effect of 0.77 when applied for more than 61 days. The results also showed that small samples 1 – 30 individuals benefited more 0.79 compared to large samples. Conclusion: The study concluded that blended learning represents an effective option for improving academic achievement and developing several psychological skills and traits, emphasizing the importance of considering implementation duration and sample size to achieve optimal results.  
Study Keywords: Meta-analysis; Blended learning; Academic achievement; Some psychological, social, and cognitive variables.   
Submitted 3/6/2025, Accepted 17/8/2025   
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Work-Life Balance Among Teachers and Its Relationship with Generational Differences and Selected Demographic Variables  
Roqaia M. AlNaqabia    -   Prof. Rasheed S. AlFahdi     -   Dr. Khalaf M. Abri       &        Dr. Eihab M. Amarah  
Sultane of Oman  
Abstract  
Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the levels of work–life balance dimensions among teachers in public schools in the Sultanate of Oman, and their relationship to generational differences and certain demographic variables (gender, educational cycle, and marital status).  Methodology: the  employed, and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The sample consisted of 404 public school teachers selected through a convenience sampling technique. Results:  that the levels of work interference with personal life and personal life interference with work among teachers were generally moderate, while the level of work / personal life enhancement was low. The results also indicated statistically significant differences between Generation X (1960–1979) and Generation Y (1980–2000) in the dimensions of work–life balance, with Generation X having a higher mean score. No statistically significant differences were found in overall work–life balance dimensions attributable to gender; however, significant differences were observed in the work interference with personal life dimension, with female teachers experiencing greater interference compared to male teachers. The study also found no statistically significant differences attributable to marital status or educational cycle. Conclusion:  The study adoption of flexible work policies that support teachers in managing both professional and personal responsibilities life and considering generational differences to ensure tailored solutions that meet the diverse needs of teachers.   
Keywords: Work-life, balance, generations, demographic variables.  
Submitted 24/6/2025, Accepted 17/8/2025  
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Challenges of using the Intent of Thing to improve the quality of education in Jordanian universities from the perspective of faculty members and its relationship to some variables  
Dr. Fadi A. Bani Ahmad    &     Rabaa M. Abu Tarbush   
H.K.J.  
Abstract
Objectives: The present study aims to identify the challenges of using the IoT to improve the quality of education in Jordanian universities from the perspective of faculty members. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive methodology and was conducted on a sample of 100 faculty members from Jordanian universities. A questionnaire was developed to measure faculty members' opinions on the challenges facing the application of IoT in enhancing education quality. The validity and reliability of the instrument were ensured. Results: The results indicated that the degree of challenges in using IoT to improve education quality in Jordanian universities is significant from the perspective of faculty members. Additionally, no statistically significant differences were found at the significance level in the challenges of IoT adoption in education improvement due to variables such as (experience/gender). Conclusion: The study recommended the need to provide a strong and integrated infrastructure to support IoT adoption, enhance network efficiency, and increase its capacity to accommodate many connected devices. Moreover, it emphasized the importance of implementing standardized and effective security protocols, such as encrypting data during transmission and adopting international cybersecurity standards, to protect user privacy and prevent unethical exploitation of their data.   
Keywords: Internet of Things, Education Quality, Jordanian Universities, Challenges.   
Submitted 17/6/2025, Accepted 24/8/2025  
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The effectiveness of a training program in improving learners' ability for storage and retrieval, enhancing working memory, and raising achievement levels in history    
Dr. Farah M. Bany Yahia                            Sumaya M. Shehab  
Abstract   
Objectives : The study aimed to test the effectiveness of a proposed training program and evaluate the impact of the intervention in improving learners' ability to store and retrieve information, improving working memory efficiency, and examining the transfer effect of training on improving academic achievement in history. Methodology : The study adopted a quasi-experimental approach using the single-case method, following the simple (A-B) design. It was conducted on five elementary school students selected non-randomly using an available sample method. The study employed a test to measure working memory, along with other methods to assess storage and retrieval abilities, and relied on school test results. Results : The researchers used visual inspection and statistical processing by measuring the percentage of overlap between the control and intervention phases to assess the effectiveness of the intervention and the proposed training program. The study found that the proposed training program effectively improved the five cases' ability to store and retrieve information. Additionally, it contributed to enhancing working memory efficiency and improving academic achievement in history. Conclusion : The study recommends prioritizing cognitive skills training in the early years of a child's life and adopting advanced teaching strategies, such as shape drawing or model drawing, which have shown promising results in information retention and improving learners' ability to store and retrieve information.   
Keywords : Training Program – Storage and Retrieval – Working Memory – History.  
Submitted 23/6/2025, Accepted 24/8/2025  
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 Demographic and economic factors affecting knowledge of emergency preparedness methods: A predictive study among Omani school students   
Muna R. AL-Naaimi      &       Saif N. AL-Maamari         
Sultanate of Oman  
Abstract  
Objectives: The current study aimed to identify the demographic and economic factors influencing knowledge of emergency preparedness methods as a predictive study among Omani school students. Methodology: To achieve the study objectives, a descriptive, analytical, and predictive approach was followed, constructing a scale consisting of 6 axes with a total of 36 items. The study sample consisted of 800 male and female students, selected using a facilitated random method. Results: The results revealed statistically significant differences α≤0.05 attributed to the variable of place of residence in favor of the village, the variable of gender in favor of males, the variable of governorate in favor of North Al Batinah, and the variable of economic level in favor of low-income families. Conclusion: The study recommended the importance of including the concepts and dimensions of preventive education to reduce risks and crises in school curricula in general, and social studies curricula in particular, in the Sultanate of Oman, in a manner appropriate to the age and level of students, and considering balance, comprehensiveness, sequence, and integration when including these differences.  
Keywords: Preventive education, demographics and economics, emergencies, crises, predictive studies, Sultanate of Oman. 
Submitted 13/7/2025, Accepted 26/8/2025  
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 Pedagogical Content Knowledge in English Language Teaching Among Preparatory Year English Teachers at Najran University   
Dr. Ghaidaa A. Alzahrani   
K.S.A.  
Abstract   
Objectives: This study aims to assess the level of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) among preparatory-year English teachers at Najran University, considering it a critical cognitive component for achieving teaching effectiveness in the university context. The research stems from the linguistic and academic transition faced by preparatory-year students and the necessity for teachers to possess pedagogical competencies that bridge English language content with appropriate instructional methods tailored to learners’ characteristics. Methodology: Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, the researcher developed a questionnaire comprising seven domains and sampled (N = 33) male and female English teachers. Results: The findings revealed that PCK was strong in four domains—namely: Content Knowledge, Teaching Strategies, Learner Characteristics, and Assessment—and moderate in three domains: Classroom Management, Educational Context, and Professional Self-Knowledge. No statistically significant gender-based differences were detected; however, significant differences in favor of specialist-education teachers were observed in most domains, as were differences favoring PhD holders in most dimensions, except for Content Knowledge. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of enhancing PCK dimensions through targeted training programs and suggests that PCK should be regarded as a fundamental criterion in qualifying university-level English teachers.   
Keywords: Pedagogical Content Knowledge, PCK, English Language Teaching, Preparatory Year, University Teacher.  
Submitted 15/7/2025, Accepted 26/8/2025   
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The Effectiveness of an AI-Based Training Program in Developing Educational Infographic Design Skills among Female Educational Technology Students  
Dr. Ayda A. Al-Eidan  
 State of Kuwait  
Abstract  
Objectives: This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of a training program based on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in developing educational infographic design skills among female students at the College of Basic Education in the State of Kuwait. Methodology: The study adopted a mixed-method approach, combining both the descriptive-analytical method and a quasi-experimental design. Two instruments were employed: an infographic design skills scale, and an observation checklist to assess students’ practical performance in the design process. The sample consisted of 65 female students majoring in Educational Technology, divided into two groups: an experimental group 32 students who received the training program, and a control group 33 students who were taught using conventional methods. The training program included ten instructional sessions conducted over five weeks. Results: The findings revealed statistically significant differences at the level of α≤0.05 in favor of the experimental group in the post-test results related to skill acquisition. Observational data also indicated a notable improvement in the practical performance of the experimental group, who utilized AI tools such as Canva AI, Adobe Illustrator + Firefly, and Visme AI during the infographic design process. Conclusion: The results confirmed the effectiveness of the AI-based training program in enhancing educational infographic design skills among female students majoring in Educational Technology, with a very large effect size.  
Keywords: Educational Infographic, Artificial Intelligence, Infographic Design Skills.  
Submitted 16/7/2025, Accepted 31/8/2025  
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 A proposed vision for developing Palestinian mathematics curricula for the secondary stage in light of STEAM standards  
Dr. Ayman M. Al-Ashqar  
 Palestine  
Abstract 
Objectives: The current research sought to determine the degree of availability of STEAM standards in Palestinian mathematics curricula for the secondary stage, and to prepare a proposed vision for developing these curricula in light of these standards. Methodology: A descriptive approach based on content analysis was used, and the study sample included four secondary stage mathematics textbooks. The research tool was a content analysis form. Results: The research found that the standard for developing 21st century skills in mathematics education ranked first with a good availability rate of 42.81%, while the standard for linking mathematics to engineering and artistic designs ranked second with an acceptable availability rate of 27.72%, while the standard for achieving cognitive integration between mathematics and other sciences ranked third with an acceptable availability rate of 23.95%. The standard for employing technology in mathematics curricula ranked fourth with a low availability rate of 3.05%, and the standard for enhancing mathematics learning based on projects and problem solving ranked fifth with a low availability rate of 2.47%. Conclusion: The results also revealed statistically significant differences at a significance level a=0.05 in the availability rate of STEAM standards in Palestinian mathematics curricula for the secondary stage according to the variables of branch and grade in favor of the scientific branch and eleventh grade. A proposed vision was prepared in light of STEAM standards. The research recommended the necessity of developing mathematics curricula for secondary stage in the STEAM Standards.  
Keywords: proposed vision, mathematics curricula development, secondary stage, STEAM standards.  
Submitted 24/7/2025, Accepted 14/9/2025  
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Effectiveness of Integrating Co-teaching into Social Studies Teaching Method Courses in the College of Education at Kuwait University: Mixed Methods  
Dr. Huda S. Alazmi  
 State of Kuwait    
Abstract 
Objectives: This study addresses a gap in the literature by providing an example for how clinical practice can be integrated alongside pedagogy courses in teacher education programs to both enhance pre-service teacher practical instruction skills and more effectively prepare them for classroom challenges in the College of Education at Kuwait University. Methodology: To achieve that goal, this study employed a mixed methods approach (intervention design) to investigate integrating a co-teaching model into a social studies teaching methods course for pre-service teacher teaching competencies in Kuwait. Results: The quasi-experiment revealed that pre-service teachers who experienced co-teaching during coursework attained higher teaching competency levels than those taught traditionally. In interviews, pre-service teachers indicated co-teaching provided four main affordances: 1) improved pedagogical knowledge and skills, 2) enhanced reflective practice, 3) developed social-emotional growth, and 4) increased confidence. Pre-service teachers highlighted three co-teaching challenges they faced: 1) insufficient time, 2) insufficient role clarity, and 3) inequitable work distribution. Conclusion: Quantitative and qualitative data converged to reveal that co-teaching improves pre-service teacher practice, albeit with some challenges.  
Keywords: Co-teaching, Effectiveness, Collaboration, Pre-service Teacher, Social Studies Teaching. 
Submitted 28/5/2025, Accepted 16/9/2025  
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 Academic Responsibility of Faculty Members Towards Developing Scientific Research Skills Among Students of College of Education at Kuwait University: A Descriptive Study of Practices and Challenges  
Dr. Zaha F. Alsuwailan   
State of Kuwait   
Abstract  
Objectives: The study aimed to identify the level of academic responsibility among faculty members towards developing scientific research skills among students of College of Education at Kuwait University. It also attempts to explore the key classroom practices and research skills that faculty members focus on developing, as well as to uncover the challenges they face. Methodology: The study adopted a mixed-methods approach. A questionnaire was administrated to a sample of 81 faculty members. In addition, a semi-structures interview tool was used with a sample of 12 faculty members from different academic departments within the college of education. Results: The findings indicated that faculty interest was low in the areas of research tool construction and the use of artificial intelligence in research, with a mean score of 1.83, 1.91 respectively. Conclusion: The results further showed that the majority of faculty members focus on teaching citation and the fundamentals of writing within group research projects, which makes it difficult to assess students’ acquisition of individual research skills. The study also revealed key challenges faced by faculty members, including high class density, the prevalence of academic plagiarism, and a lack of academic responsibility toward the development of students’ research skills.   
Key words: Scientific research, academic responsibility, citation, artificial intelligence.  
Submitted 28/7/2025, Accepted 24/9/2025   
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The Effect of Using Visual Representations - as an Assessment Tool - on Third Graders’ Mathematical Achievement   
Prof. Mohammad M. Al-Absi  -    Prof. Nafez A. Bukaiei  &        Prof. Ali A. Al-Kassab          
K.H.J.  
Abstract   
Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the effect of using visual representations on third graders’ mathematical achievement. Methodology: To achieve this, a mathematical achievement test was administered. The study sample consisted of 45 students, distributed to two sections, an experimental group 24 students who was assessed by using visual representations, and a control group 21 students who was assessed using the traditional method of instruction. Results: The results of the study revealed that there were a statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group students in the overall mathematical achievement, the conceptual knowledge and problem solving, in favor of the experimental group; meanwhile there is no statistical difference between the two groups in the procedural knowledge. Conclusion: Visual representations have a positive effect on improving students in mathematical achievement.    
Keywords: Visual, Representations, Assessment, Mathematics, Achievement.  
Submitted 22/7/2025, Accepted 7/10/2025  
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 The Extent of Inclusion 21^st Century Skills in Secondary School  Technology Textbooks in Palestine  
Dr. Sameh J. Elagrami   
 Palestine  
Abstract  
Objectives: The study aimed to identify the extent of inclusion 21st century skills in secondary school technology textbooks in Palestine. Curriculum: To achieve this, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach. The study tool was a content analysis card prepared by the researcher, consisting of 35 sub-skills derived from five main fields. The study sample consisted of the original community, which included all technology textbooks prescribed for the eleventh and twelfth grades in Palestine for the two semesters of the 2024-2025 academic year, totaling 4 textbooks. Results: The study results showed a low degree of inclusion of 21st century skills in secondary school technology textbooks. Creativity and innovation skills ranked first with a percentage of 33.2%, while critical thinking and problem-solving skills ranked second with a percentage of 32.6%. Digital literacy skills ranked third with a percentage of 9.5%, while cooperation and teamwork skills ranked fourth with a percentage of 8%. Cultural and social awareness skills ranked fifth with a percentage of 6%. Self-learning and self-management skills ranked sixth with a percentage of 5.7%, and effective communication skills ranked seventh and last with a percentage of 5%. Conclusion: The study recommended that curriculum developers should review the content of technology books for all educational levels to ensure they address 21st-century skills.   
Keywords: 21st-century skills, Technology books, Secondary school.   
Submitted 7/6/2025, Accepted 8/10/2025   
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Satisfaction and Frustration of the Need for Relatedness and Their Relationship with Professional Identity Among Pre-Service Teachers: A Study During the Pre-Internship Phase in Kuwait   
Dr. Yousef T. AlArdi   
State of Kuwait  
Abstract  
Objectives: This study aimed to explore how relatedness, through both satisfaction and frustration, influences the development of professional identity among pre-service teachers in Kuwait during the pre-practicum stage. Methodology: A quantitative approach was adopted with a sample of 398 pre-service teachers enrolled in teacher preparation programs at Kuwait University. Standardized instruments were used to measure relatedness satisfaction, relatedness frustration, and professional identity. Data were analyzed using SPSS with moderation analysis via PROCESS Model 1. Results: The findings revealed that relatedness satisfaction positively predicted professional identity levels among pre-service teachers. Furthermore, the analysis showed that relatedness frustration played a moderating role; the positive relationship between satisfaction and identity remained strong at low and moderate levels of frustration but became significantly weaker when frustration was high. Conclusion:The results highlight the importance of creating a supportive relational environment during the pre-practicum phase, which is critical in shaping the future teacher’s professional identity. The study recommends enhancing social support and minimizing sources of exclusion or stress to ensure the formation of a strong and stable professional identity.   
KeyWords: Professional identity, Relatedness satisfaction, Frustration, Teacher preparation, Self-determination theory.   
Submitted 21/6/2025, Accepted 16/10/2025   
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Practicing Total Quality Management and Its Impact on Enhancing the Competitive Advantage of Special Education Schools in the State of Kuwait   
Dr. Ali M Alansari    &              Dr. Fatema Alazemi 
state of Kuwait  
Abstract  
Objectives: This study aimed to identify the impact of practicing Total Quality Management (TQM) on enhancing the competitive advantage of special education schools in the State of Kuwait. Methodology: The study employed the descriptive–correlational method. A questionnaire was administered to a simple random sample of 396 male and female teachers working in special education schools across Kuwait. The instrument consisted of two main dimensions: the first addressed Total Quality Management practices (administrative support, employee participation, focus on beneficiaries, strategic planning, continuous improvement, training and qualification), while the second covered the dimensions of competitive advantage (quality, cost, market share, and the loyalty of students and their parents). Results: The findings revealed a high level of implementation of Total Quality Management practices and achievement of competitive advantage among special education schools in Kuwait. Regression analysis confirmed a statistically significant impact of TQM practices on enhancing competitive advantage, explaining a substantial portion of its variance. No statistically significant differences were found based on gender, academic qualification, years of experience, or educational stage, while significant differences appeared in favor of practical specializations. Conclusion: The study concluded that adopting Total Quality Management practices represents an effective strategic approach to enhancing the competitive advantage of special education schools in Kuwait. It recommended developing a national model of educational quality tailored to the specific nature of these schools and intensifying administrative and professional training programs to strengthen the capacity of staff in applying quality principles and improving institutional performance.   
Keywords: Total Quality Management, Competitive Advantage, Special Education, Kuwait, Institutional Excellence, Quality Practices.  
Submitted 17/8/2025, Accepted 19/10/2025  
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  Behavioral, Social, and Educational difficulties Faced by mothers of  children with Down syndrome in the State of Kuwait   
Dr. Nouf S. Almarzouq         &         Dr. Madawi A. Almedleg   
           Kuwait                                             K.S.A
Abstract  
     Objectives: This study aimed to identify the behavioral, social, and educational difficulties  faced by mothers of children with Down syndrome in Kuwait. It also explored the nature and impact of these difficulties to highlight areas requiring targeted support. Methodology: A descriptive-analytical approach was adopted, using a validated questionnaire to assess the experiences of a randomly selected sample of 100 mothers. The questionnaire focused on three main dimensions: behavioral, social, and educational difficulties. Results: The results revealed that mothers of children with Down syndrome face high levels of dif ficulties across all dimensions, with behavioral difficulties ranking first in terms of severity. These behavioral difficulties had a significant psychological and social impact on the mother. They were followed by social difficulties in terms of severity, then educational difficulties, which also placed considerable burdens on mothers. Conclusion: Based on these results, the study recommends the development of comprehensive, specialized support programs for mothers, particularly those led by younger or less-experienced mothers. These programs should offer integrated services, including training, psychological assistance, and social support. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of collaboration between educational and social institutions to create inclusive environments that enhance the quality of life for children with Down syndrome and their mothers.   
Keywords: Difficulties Faced by mothers, Down syndrome, State of Kuwait.  
Submitted 1/9/2025, Accepted 19/10/2025  
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 The Effectiveness of Technology-Supported Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) in Improving Scientific Article Writing in Science for Elementary School Students with Learning Disabilities in Kuwait  
Bedour KH. Alharbi         &       Dr.  Huda A. Almumen  
State of Kuwait  
Abstract 
Objectives: This study investigated the effectiveness of the Self-Regulated Strategy Development approach, enhanced with the use of iPads and related applications, in improving scientific article writing in science among fifth grade students with learning difficulties. The intervention was implemented with three female students enrolled in a government school for students with learning disabilities under the supervision of the Ministry of Education in Kuwait. Methodology: A single-case design with multiple baseline and multiple probes was employed to examine the impact of the intervention on participants’ writing performances. The study utilized a mnemonic word strategy in Arabic to facilitate the writing process. In addition, a five-criterion scale was developed to assess the overall quality of the scientific article. Student writings were collected During the baseline, intervention, and generalization phase. Results: Findings revealed noticeable improvements in students’ scientific writing skills. The number of words produced increased, and number of quality indicators improved, and the overall quality of the scientific article was enhanced. Furthermore, the positive effects were sustained over time, as demonstrated when the measures were reapplied. The results highlight the potential of using technology-supported SRSD to enhance scientific writing skills among students with learning disabilities. The findings suggest that integrating such strategies into the science curriculum and teaching practices can support the development of students’ academic writing abilities.  
Keywords: Self-Regulated Strategy, writing in science, Scientific article, learning Disabilities, Writing Difficulties, Learning Technology, iPad.  
Submitted 28/7/2025, Accepted 23/10/2025  
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The Effectiveness of a Training Program Based on Flow Metacognition in Enhancing Cognitive, Social, and Teaching Presence Among Inclusive Education Teachers    
Dr. Hamzeh A. Al-Rababah  
K.H.J.  
Abstract  
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a training program based on flow metacognition in enhancing cognitive, social, and teaching presence among inclusive classroom teachers in Jordan. Method: A quasi-experimental design was adopted and applied to a sample of 40 teachers (male and female), who were randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). The participants had a mean age of 34.7 years and an average teaching experience of 9 years. The experimental group underwent a training program consisting of 21 sessions. To assess the outcomes, a presence scale comprising 34 items was used, covering cognitive, social, and instructional dimensions. Results: The findings revealed statistically significant differences in the post-test scores of cognitive, social, and instructional presence between the two groups, in favor of the experimental group. No statistically significant differences were found based on gender or the interaction between gender and group. Furthermore, the follow-up measurement indicated sustained differences favoring the experimental group, suggesting the lasting impact and effectiveness of the training program in enhancing teacher presence. Conclusion: The results underscore the importance of implementing flow metacognition training programs to enhance teachers’ cognitive, social, and teaching presence in inclusive education settings.   
 Keywords: Training Program, Flow Metacognition, Presence: Cognitive, Social, Teaching, Teachers, Inclusive Education.  
Submitted 23/7/2025, Accepted 29/10/2025   
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Effectiveness of a Program in Value Education Based on the Qur'an in Developing the Value System among Female Teachers in Private Schools in Jordan   
Dr. Rana Samir Hasweh  
K.H.J.  
ABSTRACT  
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a value education program based on the Qur’an in developing the value system among female teachers in private schools in Jordan. Methodology: The study employed a quasi-experimental design with two groups (experimental and control) using pre- and post-testing. The sample consisted of 36 female teachers equally divided between the two groups. The experimental group received training on a Qur’an-based values education program entitled Rashd Values Education Program, while the control group received no intervention. The Rashd program is built around four core values derived from Surat Al-Fātiḥah) knowledge, worship, reliance, and guidance (and an integrated network of 43 related sub-values. In addition, a Value-Building Scale was developed in alignment with the program’s framework and administered to both groups to measure the development of participants’ value systems. Results: Statistically significant differences were found at the 0.05 level in the post-test scores in favor of the experimental group, indicating the program’s effectiveness in enhancing the value system of the participants. Conclusions: The results revealed that the Qur’an-based values education program under study effectively enhanced the value system of the participating teachers. These findings highlight the importance of integrating the Qur’an-based value dimension into educational programs, as it positively influences teachers’ moral and professional development and reflects on their students. The study recommends adopting the proposed program to promote value development across various school settings.   
Keywords: Program Effectiveness, Value Education, Qur’an-Based Program, Private Education, Value System.  
Submitted 22/8/2025, Accepted 3/11/2025  
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 The Impact of AI-Supported Multimedia, Teaching Methods, and Academic Disciplines on Learner Satisfaction: An Interactive Perspective  
Dr. Rabab D. Alsafar
State of Kuwait  
Abstract  
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the predictive power of AI-supported multimedia usage, teaching methods, and academic disciplines on learner satisfaction among students at the Colleges of Basic Education in Kuwait.  Methodology: A descriptive-analytical approach was adopted, and the study sample consisted of 308 students. Data were collected using a questionnaire developed based on established educational and technological scales, with verified validity and reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.90). Multiple regression analysis using the Enter Method was conducted to examine the predictive ability of the independent variables on the four dimensions of learner satisfaction: interaction and engagement, content quality and relevance, ease of use, and academic performance .Results: The findings revealed that AI-supported multimedia usage and teaching methods had statistically significant contributions in predicting learner satisfaction across all dimensions, while the effect of academic discipline was relatively limited. Conclusion: The study recommended developing smart educational strategies that integrate advanced technologies and effective pedagogy to enhance the quality of smart learning environments in higher education and increase learner satisfaction.  
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Multimedia, Learner Satisfaction, Teaching Methods, Academic Discipline.  
Submitted 6/8/2025, Accepted 4/11/2025   
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 Professional development Program for Science Teachers within criteria of Human Capabilities Development Program (assessment study)  
Dr. Aljawharah Meshal Alotaibi  
K.S.A.  
Abstract  
Objectives: The study aimed to assess professional development programs for science teachers within Human Capacity Development Program’s criteria as one of executive programs of Vision 2030.  Methodology: To achieve these objectives, I used descriptive analytical approach and a questionnaire developed upon these criteria concluded in basic capabilities: (values and behaviors, basic skills, future skills) and pillars: (flexible, robust education, preparation for the labor market, life-long learning). The training topics of 2024/2025 were analyzed upon the questionnaire, and applied to 60% of science supervisors in Hail.  Results: The general compatibility of professional development programs is relatively large, with obvious inadequacy in "future skills" and weak mechanisms of "follow-up and assessment. Training topics of HR development program is too low 0-15%, pillars included is too low 0-8%. The topics lack diversity, balance and inclusiveness.  Conclusion: It is recommended to restructure training programs to be longer and more profound, focusing on future skills and adopting modern mechanisms to encourage, support teachers and link training to the career path.  
Keywords: Professional development, Developing science courses, human capacity development program, basic capabilities, basic pillars.  
Submitted 6/9/2025, Accepted 5/11/2025  
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  The Causal Relationship Between the University Educational Environment, Learning Motivation, and Academic Self-Efficacy Among Kuwait University Students: A Comparative Study of Three Models Using SEM    
Dr. Ghada Kh. Eid  
State of Kuwait  
Abstract  
Objectives: The study aimed to construct three hypothetical models between the university educational environment, learning motivation, and academic self-efficacy using structural equation modeling (SEM), and compare them to determine their quality and most efficient explanation. Methodology: The study relied on the descriptive analytical, causal, and correlational approach, and the comparative approach by applying three scales to a sample of (2077) Kuwait University students with an average age of (25.2) years, and a standard deviation of (7.67). Results: The study concluded that learning motivation plays a partial mediation role between the university educational environment and academic self-efficacy. The results of the goodness-of-fit indices showed that the direct model and the partial mediation model achieved the best fit to the data (CFI = 1.000, TLI = 1.000, RMSEA = 0.000, SRMR < 0.08), while the total mediation model was weak (CFI = 0.936, RMSEA = 0.265). The results of the comparison between the models showed that the direct model is the most appropriate and efficient in explaining the relationship between the educational environment and academic self-efficacy, followed by the partial mediation model. Regarding explanatory power, the partial mediation model was the most explanatory. Conclusion: Considering the results, several recommendations were formulated, including Enhancing the quality of the university educational environment by developing supportive and stimulating environments for students, including all the material, human, and technical resources necessary for the learning process, and creating a positive climate that contributes to raising their level of motivation towards learning.  
Keywords: Causal relationship, University educational environment, Learning motivation, Academic self-efficacy, Kuwait University.  
Submitted 13/9/2025, Accepted 11/11/2025  
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The Predictive Validity of Kuwait University's Aptitude Test: Does It Truly Reflect Students’ Performance in University Courses?   
Dr. Nasser N. Hasan  
State of Kuwait   
Abstract  
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the predictive validity of Kuwait University's aptitude test on students’ performance in first-year university courses, compared to high school GPA. Methodology: The descriptive method was used, based on data from the academic years 2018–2019 and 2021–2022. The sample included 7,855 students (57.07% female) who had scores in the aptitude test for mathematics or English, along with their grades in university courses. Data were analyzed using linear regression and hierarchical regression to assess incremental validity. Results: In Calculus A, high school GPA and the mathematics aptitude test together explained 7% of the variance in 2018–2019 and 8% in 2021–2022, with GPA being the strongest predictor. The mathematics aptitude test showed a weak negative effect in 2018–2019 and a weak positive effect in 2021–2022, with small incremental contributions (1.5% and 1.6%) whose statistical significance may be due to the large sample size. In English, the predictors explained 4% of the variance in 2018–2019 and 17% in 2021–2022. High school GPA remained the strongest predictor, while the English aptitude test had a weak and insignificant effect in 2018–2019, but improved in 2021–2022, adding 7.6%. Conclusion: The findings indicate limited predictive validity for Kuwait University's aptitude test, and the study recommends revising its design and incorporating it into a multi-criteria admissions model.   
Keywords: Aptitude test, Kuwait University, Predictive validity, University admission criteria.   
Submitted 22/5/2025, Accepted 30/11/2025   
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A study of the role of executive functions and academic emotions in predicting academic adjustment among university students in the State of Kuwait.  
Dr. Youssef R. Al-Murtaji       &         Dr. Ahmed S.  Al-Azmi  
 State of Kuwait   
Abstract  
Objective: The study aimed to identify the role of executive functions (planning, inhibition, working memory, flexibility and emotional control), Positive and negative academic emotions in predicting academic adjustment among Kuwait University students, Methodology: The descriptive correlational method was used. The study was applied to a readily available sample of 698 male and female university students in the State of Kuwait. was used Three scales were used: Karr's (2024) Executive Function Self-Report Scale (researcher translation), the Academic Emotions Scale, and the Academic Adjustment Scale. Results: The results showed a significant positive correlation between academic adjustment and all executive functions and positive emotions, and an inverse relationship with negative emotions. Significant gender differences were also found in favor of females in academic adjustment, and in favor of males in the total score on executive functions, and in the functions of working memory, flexibility, and emotional control. Higher GPAs were associated with higher levels of adjustment, planning, and inhibition, and lower levels of negative emotions. All executive functions and positive and negative academic emotions combined explained 31% of the variance in academic adjustment. Conclusion: At the end of the study, some recommendations were made, the most prominent of which were the following: Developing guidance and training programs for university students, focusing on developing practical executive function skills, especially planning and time management, and enhancing cognitive flexibility by exposing students to multiple viewpoints and problem-solving methods, Training students on effective strategies for regulating emotions, especially cognitive reappraisal, to reduce negative emotions and enhance positive emotions.   
Keywords: Executive functions - Academic emotions - Academic adjustment.  
Submitted 5/10/2025, Accepted 5/12/2025   
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The role of shadow theatre in fostering social awareness among students in the first cycle of basic education in Tartous City from the perspective of teachers    

Bushra M. Hasan     &         Prof. Taher A. Sallom  
Sorya  
Abstract  
Objective : This Research aimed to investigate the role of shadow puppettheater in developing social awareneAss among students in the first cycle of basic education in Tartous, Syria, from the perspective of their teachers. Methodology : Employing a descriptive-analytical design, the research utilized a questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument. Following tests to establish its validity and reliability, the questionnaire was administered to a purposive sample of 85 teachers (male and female) among teachers in the first cycle of basic education during the second semester of the 2024/2025 academic year. Results : The findings indicated a high level of teacher appreciation for the role of shadow puppet theater in nurturing students' social awareness. Female teachers' approval ratings significantly surpassed those of their male colleagues. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were found based on academic qualification, favoring holders of university degrees, and based on teaching experience, favoring teachers with more recent (less experienced) backgrounds. Conclusion : The Research underscores the importance of integrating shadow puppet theater into school curricula due to its significant impact on fostering social consciousness. It recommends evolving the theater's content and methodologies to incorporate contemporary social issues—such as children's rights, citizenship, and social justice—into its narratives and performances, there by maximizing its educational potential.   
Keywords: Shadow Puppet Theatre, Social Awareness, Classroom Teacher, Basic Education Stage.  
Submitted 29/8/2025, Accepted 15/12/2025  
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Artificial Intelligence Applications and the Development of Self-Learning Skills Among Female University Students: A Study from the Perspective of Faculty Members in Light of Certain Variables  
Dr. Masira Th. Alrwely  
 K.S.A.  
Abstract  
Objectives: This study aimed to identify the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and its role in developing self-learning skills among female university students, from the perspective of faculty members, considering certain variables. Methodology: To achieve the study objectives, the researcher developed an instrument consisting of 23 items. The study sample comprised 253 faculty members from Northern Border University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, randomly selected during the first semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. Results: The study used arithmetic means, standard deviations, t-tests, and one-way ANOVA; in light of this, the results showed most notably that faculty members' assessments of the degree to which AI applications are used in developing self-learning skills among female students at Northern Border University were high. The results also indicated no statistically significant differences in the degree to which AI applications are used in developing self-learning skills among female students at Northern Border University, from the faculty members' perspective, attributable to the variables of gender, college type, and academic rank. Conclusion: The study recommends encouraging female students to make greater use of AI applications to develop their research skills and solve problems logically and creatively.   
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Self-learning, University Education, Innovation in Education, Digital Education. 
Submitted 29/9/2025, Accepted 16/12/2025  
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Educational Technology Students’ Awareness of Gamification in Digital Learning Environments in Light of Selected Variables: A Descriptive Study at the College of Basic Education in Kuwait     
Aadel S. AlThufiri       -     Maha F. Alotebi    &       Prof. Riyad A. AlHasan   
K.S.A.   
Abstract   
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the level of awareness of gamification among Educational Technology students at the College of Basic Education in the State of Kuwait within digital learning environments, as well as to examine differences in awareness levels according to gender and academic year. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design. The sample consisted of 285 male and female students selected using simple random sampling. Data was collected using a questionnaire comprising 30 items distributed across three main dimensions: conceptual awareness, application awareness, and design principles of gamification. The instrument was administered after verifying its validity and reliability. The results of the findings indicated that students’ overall awareness of gamification was at a moderate level across all dimensions. The results also revealed statistically significant differences at the level (α = 0.05) in the design dimension attributable to gender, in favor of female students. However, no statistically significant differences were found with respect to the academic year variable. Conclusion: The results highlight the need to integrate gamification concepts and practices into university curricula through applied and training-oriented approaches. They also emphasize the importance of designing targeted training programs for Educational Technology students and faculty members to enhance design-oriented awareness of gamification and promote its effective educational use.   
Keywords: Gamification, Students’ Awareness Level, Kuwait.   
Submitted 1/11/2025, Accepted 24/12/2025.   
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The Impact of Using the "Risk" Program on Developing Critical Thinking Skills Among Intermediate School Female Students in Jeddah within the Computer Science Curriculum    
Prof. Najwa A. Almohamadi    -   Prof. Othman A. AlQahtani   &    Prof. Mesfer S. Alsaloly   
 K.S.A.   
Abstract   
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the Risk program on developing critical thinking skills among 24 female students in the first grade of intermediate school in Jeddah. Methodology: To achieve the research objectives, the researchers employed a quasi-experimental approach using a single-group design with a pre-test/post-test assessment. Critical thinking was measured in both applications using the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. Results: The results revealed a statistically significant difference at the level of α ≤ 0.01 between the mean scores of the pre- and post-tests across all critical thinking skills: (Inference, Recognition of Assumptions, Deduction, Interpretation, and Evaluation of Arguments), favoring the post-test scores in all cases. Furthermore, the results showed high Eta-squared (n ²) values: 0.753 for Recognition of Assumptions, 0.840 for Interpretation, 0.669 for Deduction, 0.782 for Inference, and 0.656 for Evaluation of Arguments. These values indicate a very large effect size of the Risk program on developing all critical thinking skills among the targeted students. Conclusion: In light of the findings, several recommendations and research proposals were formulated, most notably: providing a clear practical guide for integrating the "Risk" program into Computer Science curricula. This represents a novel and direct practical contribution that schools can utilize to enhance the quality of education.   
Keywords: Risk program, Thinking, Critical thinking, Computer science.   
Submitted 28/9/2025, Accepted 28/12/2025.   
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High School Female Students' Attitudes Towards a Personalized Reading Experience Based on the Design of a Recommendation System: A Case Study   
Prof. Taghreed A. Alrehaili 
K.S.A.   
Abstract   
   Objectives: This study aimed to explore the attitudes of high school female students toward the experience of personalized reading based on a designed recommender system. Methodology: A qualitative case study methodology was adopted. The participants consisted of 23 from a public high school in Madinah. Focus group interviews were used as the primary data collection method, involving five focus groups. Results: The study results revealed that the students’ attitudes toward the personalized reading experience based on the designed recommender system were mostly positive, with some contrasting attitudes that generally tended to be positive. Negative attitudes were only observed in relation to digital distraction. Conclusion: The results of the study revealed contrasting attitudes, including enjoyment of reading, enjoyment of reading through the system, alignment with personal preferences, and suitability to individual reading levels. Additionally, positive attitudes included: Accessibility & Usability, knowledge diversity, and integration with the learning platform and school activities. However, one negative attitude emerged, namely: digital distraction.   
Keywords: Recommender Systems, Personalized Learning, Reading Attitudes, Technology-Enhanced Learning, High School.  
Submitted 19/8/2025, Accepted 31/12/2025.   
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The Impact of Professional Learning Communities on Developing Students' Linguistic Performance 
Dr. Ibrahim M. AlRumhi  
Sultanate of Oman   
Abstract   
Objectives: This study aimed to measure the impact of Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) on developing linguistic performance. It sought to achieve the following: identifying the reading performance level of students in Al Wusta Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman and, measuring the effectiveness of PLCs in enhancing students' reading skills. Methodology: The study adopted a quasi-experimental design, which aligns with the nature of the research. The study's population consisted of 2,386 male and female students in the third, fourth, and fifth grades in Al Wusta Governorate, Oman. A purposive sample of 921 students were selected based on their need to improve their linguistic performance. A pre- and post-diagnostic test was administered, alongside the implementation of the "I Am a Creative Reader" program designed to develop linguistic performance. Results: The indicated significant progress in the performance of the study's sample; the mean score increased to 2.60 from a pre-test score of 1.95. The calculated effect size was 0.81, indicating a large effect attributed to the effectiveness of the Professional Learning Community and the implemented linguistic program. Conclusion: The study’s primary included: adopting educational policies that foster a culture of professional learning communities to enhance students' linguistic performance and utilizing the "I Am a Creative Reader" program or similar initiatives to develop reading skills among students.  
Keywords: Linguistic Performance, Reading Deficiency, Professional Learning Community (PLC), Reading, Reading Skills.  
Submitted 10/11/2025, Accepted 5/1/2026.   
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Structural Modeling of the Relationships Between the Big Five Personality Factors and Indicators of Mental Health and Life Satisfaction Among Kuwait University Students     
Prof. Ghada KH. Eid                        Prof. Hisham F. Jadalrab   
State of Kuwait    
Abstract  
Objectives: This study aimed to develop a structural model that explains the relationships between the Big Five personality factors and indicators of mental health, while also examining the mediating role of life satisfaction among Kuwait University students. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive correlational approach, administering three scales to 1,162 male and female students from Kuwait University, with a mean age of 20.94 years and a standard deviation of 2.11. Results: The results showed significant correlations between personality dimensions and indicators of mental health. Extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress, while neuroticism was the strongest correlation with psychological symptoms (depression r = 0.62, anxiety r = 0.58, stress r = 0.55, p < 0.001). Openness to experience was also negatively correlated with depression in a statistically significant way (r = -0.18, p = 0.032), while its relationship with anxiety and stress was not statistically significant. Structural equation modeling showed neuroticism to be the strongest predictor of depression (β = 0.317), anxiety (β = 0.244), and stress (β = 0.028). Life satisfaction was found to play a weak, partial mediating role (β = -0.016, p < 0.001), with a low variance (R² = 0.058). Conclusion, the results confirm the importance of personality traits, particularly neuroticism, in explaining differences in mental health among university students, while highlighting the limited role of life satisfaction as a mediating variable. The study recommends enhancing academic awareness of personality traits and their role in psychological adjustment among university students.    
Keywords: The Big Five Personality Traits, Mental Health, Life Satisfaction, Stress, Kuwait University Students.  
Submitted 23/10/2025, Accepted 8/1/2026    
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 Psychometric properties of the academic risk-taking scale for undergraduate students    
Dr. Hoda M. Alfadhli   
State of Kuwait 
Abstract  
Objectives: This study aimed to develop an instrument for measuring academic risk and to identify its factor components and psychometric significance among a sample of Kuwait University students. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive approach. The Academic Risk Scale (developed by the researcher) was administered to the participants ((N = 270 undergraduate students from Kuwait University, including 145 males and 125 females), selected using the convenience sampling method. Results: The scale items were saturating with three factors, which together explained 77.104% of the results. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the structural validity of the scale. The correlation of the study's scale with the Al-Faqi scale was 0.819. The reliability alpha coefficient was 0.809 for males and 0.798 for females. Correlation coefficients between the subscales and the total score, as well as between the dimension score and the total score, ranged from 0.448 to 0.795, indicating the scale's internal consistency. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the scale possesses a sound factor structure and good psychometric significance.   
Keywords: Academic risk-taking, Factor structure, Psychometric properties, University students.  
Submitted 6/11/2025, Accepted 8/1/2026  
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 Analyzing Fifth Grade Arabic Curriculum in Light of the Sustainable Development Dimensions and Kuwait’s Vision 2035     
Dr. Nour A. Almutawa      &          Dr. Nouf M. Alrasheedi   
State of Kuwait
Abstract   
Objectives: This study examines the extent to which the three dimensions of sustainable development values are represented in the fifth-grade Arabic language textbook, in alignment with New Kuwait 2035, the State of Kuwait’s national development vision. Method: An analytical descriptive approach was applied, the research employed a content analysis guide derived from the pillars of Kuwait’s Vision 2035, including its values and sustainable development indicators, to analyze the textbook content. Results: The study findings revealed notable variation in the representation of sustainable development dimensions: the social dimension was most prominently emphasized, followed by the environmental dimension, while the economic dimension was least represented. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for ongoing curriculum analysis to ensure coherence with Kuwait’s developmental vision. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of considering students’ age and cultural background when integrating sustainable development concepts in textbooks.  
Key words: Arabic curriculum, sustainable education, Kuwait’s development vision 2035.   
Submitted 19/9/2025, Accepted 11/1/2026.   
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The Effectiveness of a Counseling Program Based on Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) in Enhancing Self-Confidence and Reducing Irrational Thoughts among Students Enrolled in the Positive Psychology Course at the Islamic University     
Dr. Issa M. H. Al-Mohtasib       
Gaza - Palestine   
Abstract  
Objectives: The present study aimed to design and implement a counseling program based on positive parenting strategies to enhance self-confidence and reduce irrational thoughts among female university students enrolled in the Positive Psychology course. Methodology: The study adopted a quasi-experimental approach with a two-group design (experimental and control) and three measurements (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up). The sample consisted of 40 female students, equally divided into two groups (20 experimental and 20 control). Two scales were used: the Self-Confidence Scale (developed by the researcher) and the Irrational Thoughts Scale (standardized by Al-Qulahti, 2013). The program was implemented with the experimental group over 12 sessions, at the rate of one session per week. Results: The Mann–Whitney test results indicated statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the post-test on both self-confidence and irrational thoughts scales, in favor of the experimental group. Wilcoxon test results also showed significant differences between the pre-test and post-test for the experimental group, with an improvement in self-confidence and a decrease in irrational thoughts. No significant differences were found between the post-test and follow-up measurements, indicating the program’s sustained impact over the follow-up period. Conclusion: The counseling program based on positive parenting strategies and neuro-linguistic programming proved effective in enhancing self-confidence and reducing irrational thoughts among female university students. The study recommends integrating these strategies into academic and counseling programs in universities, given their lasting impact on promoting students’ mental health.  
Keywords: Training program, Neuro-Linguistic Programming, self-confidence, irrational thoughts.  
Submitted 19/8/2025, Accepted 12/1/2026.   
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 The attitudes of parents, teachers, students, and administrators toward evaluating the components of the education system in the stages of general education in the State of Kuwait    
Dr. Abdullah Kh. bin Mansour     -      Dr. Mohamed T. Al-Kandari   &  Dr. Yagoub Y. Al-Kandari    
State of Kuwait    
Abstract  
Objectives: The study aims to measure the attitudes of the selected sample members in the educational situation in the three public education levels in Kuwait. It also examines the association between educational assessment of the sample with some variables. Methodology: The study employed the descriptive method using a sample survey. A sample of 6492 was selected. They were parents, instructress, and administrative staff in all the three educational levels. An opportunistic sample technique was used. An e-questionnaire was used. It included primary data of the respondents and two major scales: General Educational level Assessment Scale and the Components Public Education Assessment Scale, which included six dimensions (School Environment Assessment, School Administration Assessment, Teacher's Performance Assessment, Student Performance Assessment, Parents Performance Assessment and Curriculum Assessment. Reliability and validity were used. SPSS was used for data entry and analysis. Results: Results found that the sample assessment of the education system in general is below the required level, whether they are teachers, administrators, parents, as well as students. There are negative indicators in the attitudes of the respondents in their evaluation of the general educational system. The results of the study also revealed that females have a more positive view of the educational system, as well as university respondents, and the oldest. In addition, the secondary stage has achieved the highest score in the positive evaluation compared to the primary and intermediate stages. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a need to address the educational status in Kuwaiti society based on the opinion of workers in the educational field.    
Key Words:  Parents, teachers, administrators, student, components of education, general education levels. 
Submitted 10/11/2025, Accepted 13/1/2026.  
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Self-Awareness and Academic Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Achievement Emotions Regulation Strategies among Students at the King Abdullah II School of Excellence    
Dr. Naela A. Alguzo                Dr. Uday M. AL-Masarwah 
H.K.J    
Abstract  
Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the predictive power of both self-awareness and academic self-efficacy in achievement emotion regulation strategies among a sample of 227 male and female students at King Abdullah II School for. To achieve the objectives of the study, an achievement emotion regulation strategies scale, a self-awareness scale, and an academic self-efficacy scale were used.  Methodology: The study employed the descriptive approach, as it is appropriate for the objectives of the current study. Results: The results showed no statistically significant differences between male and female students in the level of using achievement emotion regulation strategies. The results also indicated that there were no differences attributable to the effect of grade level in all strategies except for reappraisal, in which eleventh-grade students scored higher.  
Furthermore, the findings revealed that the achievement emotion regulation strategies most capable of predicting self-awareness were situation selection, reappraisal, and competence development. Among these, situation selection was the strongest predictor, explaining 5.8% of the variance, followed by reappraisal 3.6%, and then competence development 2.6%.  As for academic self-efficacy, the strategies that predicted it were situation selection, seeking social support, reappraisal, and competence development. Situation selection was the strongest predictor, explaining 6.3% of the variance, followed by seeking social support 3.3%, reappraisal 2.1%, and competence development 1.8%.  Conclusion: in light of the study’s results, it is recommended to provide a supportive academic environment that balances the challenges and achievement demands with psychological and social support, in order to reduce the pressure resulting from the high expectations placed on outstanding students.  
Keywords: Self-Awareness, Academic Self-Efficacy, Achievement Emotions Regulation Strategies, Students in the King Abdullah II School of Excellence.  
Submitted 2/11/2025, Accepted 21/1/2026  
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Subjective Vitality as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Self-Regulated Learning and Academic Buoyancy Among Secondary School Students in Ajloun Governorate, Jordan   
Dr.  Tahani A. Abuwardeh   
H.K.J.   
ABSTRACT   
Objectives: The study aimed to examine the mediating role of subjective vitality in the relationship between self-regulated learning and academic buoyancy among secondary school students by determining the levels of the three variables and assessing the mediation effect. Methodology: The study adopted the descriptive correlational design. To collect data, the Subjective Vitality Scale (Abo-Allymoun & AlRabee, 2022), the Self-Regulated Learning Scale (Al-Jarrah, 2010), and the Academic Buoyancy Scale developed by Abuwardeh (2025), after verifying their psychometric properties. The instruments were administered to a purposive sample of 690 secondary school students, male and female. Results: The results revealed moderate levels of the three variables (self-regulated learning, subjective vitality, and academic buoyancy). Regression analyses based on Baron and Kenny’s (1986) approach indicated that self-regulated learning significantly predicted academic buoyancy (2.3% of the variance explained) and subjective vitality (5%). In turn, subjective vitality significantly predicted academic buoyancy (7.5%). When both predictors were entered simultaneously, the explained variance increased 8.4%, suggesting a partial mediating role of subjective vitality in the relationship between self-regulated learning and academic buoyancy. Conclusion: Accordingly, the results of the study, some recommendations were presented.   
Keywords: Self-Regulated Learning, Subjective Vitality, Academic Buoyancy.   
Submitted 9/11/2025, Accepted 25/1/2026.   
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Level of UDL and Instructional Technology Application in Inclusive Classrooms: Kuwaiti Inclusive Schools’ Reality   
Dr. Mohammed S. AlSafar 
State of Kuwait   
Abstract   
Objectives: This study purposed to explore the importance and effectiveness of evidence-based educational practices including Universal Design For Learning (UDL) in fulfilling students with disabilities’ learning needs along with their typically developing peers. Methodology: To conduct this study, the researcher used the qualitative methodology. Three teachers, worked in elementary inclusive schools in two school districts: Alasema and Mubarak Alkabeer, Ministry of Education in Kuwait participated in the study. The researcher used the observation along with the interview to collect data. The three teachers were observed in fifteen classes/ sessions of Social Studies (each teacher was observed for five consecutive classes). Additionally, after the conclusion of the observations, the researcher interviewed the teachers to support and enforce the study’s results. Results: Findings indicated that although participants (the teachers) had the basic knowledge and theoretical underpinnings of UDL’s principles, they needed intensive training and practice on how to apply UDL in inclusive classrooms to master it and eventually better educate students with and without special needs. Conclusion: Recommendations and suggestions for future research and educational practices were provided. 
Keywords: Universal Design for Learning, inclusion, special needs, instructional technology.   
Submitted 3/12/2025, Accepted 24/2/2026. 
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  Influence of AI-Driven Multimedia Adaptability, Cultural Responsiveness, and Learning Analytics on Classroom Effectiveness in Colleges of Basic Education  
 Dr. Rabab D. Alsaffar  
State of Kuwait   
Abstract  
Objectives: This study examined the effects of AI-driven multimedia adaptability (AMA), cultural responsiveness (CRS), and learning analytics support (LAS) on classroom effectiveness (CLE) among students in Kuwait’s Colleges of Basic Education, while testing the mediating roles of learner satisfaction (LST) and critical thinking (CRT). Methodology: A quantitative design using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed. Data were collected from 232 undergraduate students through a validated questionnaire. The model explained 49% of the variance in LST, 50.5% in CRT, and 69.1% in CLE. Results: LAS emerged as the strongest predictor of CLE (β = 0.492, p < 0.001), and also significantly influenced CRT (β = 0.432, p < 0.001) and LST (β = 0.589, p < 0.001). AMA showed significant effects on CLE (β = 0.228, p < 0.001) and CRT (β = 0.270, p = 0.010). CRS significantly influenced CLE (β = 0.191, p = 0.001) but not LST or CRT. LST had a significant direct effect on CLE (β = 0.256, p < 0.001) and mediated the relationship between LAS and CLE (β = 0.151, p = 0.002), whereas CRT did not demonstrate a significant mediating role. Conclusion: The findings highlight the critical role of analytics-driven feedback and adaptive multimedia in enhancing classroom effectiveness within AI-supported higher education environments.  
Keywords: Data-driven instruction, Learner satisfaction, Critical thinking, Higher education pedagogy.  
Submitted 17/1/2026, Accepted 17/3/2026.   
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The Challenges of teaching the Cambridge Science Curriculum in grades  5 to 9 from the perceptions of teachers and supervisors in the Sultanate of Oman  
Aisha H. Al Mandhari  
Sultanate of Oman 
Abstract  
Objectives: The current study aimed to identify the challenges of teaching the Cambridge Science Curriculum in grades 5 to 9) from the perspectives of teachers and supervisors in the Sultanate of Oman. Methodology: The study adopted a mixed-methods approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative methods through an explanatory sequential design. To achieve this, a quantitative questionnaire was administered to a sample of 631 science teachers and supervisors to measure administrative, technical, and instructional challenges. This was followed by semi-structured focus group interviews with a sample of 72 teachers and educational supervisors. Results: The findings revealed that administrative challenges ranked first with a "high" level, most notably the assignment of multiple curricula to a single teacher. Challenges related to students ranked second, also at a "high" level, particularly regarding weak reading comprehension and activity analysis. Assessment and content challenges ranked third and fourth, respectively, at a "moderate" level, manifested in the delay of assessment documents and content density, especially in grades 7 to 9. Challenges related to teachers ranked last at a "moderate" level. Furthermore, the results indicated statistically significant differences in the perceived challenges based on gender and years of experience. Conclusion: The study recommended a set of procedurals, organizational, and educational frameworks aimed at mitigating the challenges of teaching the Cambridge Science Curriculum.  
Keywords: Challenges, Cambridge Science Curriculum.   
Submitted 17/11/2025, Accepted 1/3/2026.   
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Learner Ethics in Islamic Educational Thought and Their Relationship with the Academic Performance of Kuwait University Students: A Fild Study from the Perspective of Faculty Members at Kuwait University    Dr. Mohammed A. Aljaidyah        &        Sara B. AlShareda  
Kuwait University   
 Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to examine the level of commitment among students at Kuwait University to learner ethics in light of Islamic educational thought, and its relationship with their academic performance from the perspective of faculty members. Problem Statement: The study addresses the need to understand how students’ ethical conduct reflects on their academic performance within the Kuwaiti university context. Methodology: A descriptive-field approach was adopted. Sample and Instrument: The study was applied to a sample of 516 faculty members using a validated questionnaire consisting of two main dimensions. Results: Findings indicated that students’ ethical behaviors were rated as high, with appreciation and respect ranking first, followed by positive interaction and support, then etiquette in speech and intervention. Academic performance was rated as moderate, with key indicators including students’ willingness to seek help and collaborate with peers. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between students’ ethical behaviors and their academic performance. Significant differences in academic performance were observed based on years of service, academic rank, and college type, while no differences appeared based on gender. Conclusion: The study recommends incorporating ethical dimensions into university curricula and strengthening the role of faculty members in guiding students toward academic practices grounded in Islamic values.  
Keywords: Islamic educational thought, learner ethics, academic performance, Kuwait University, faculty members.  
Submitted 16/11/2025, Accepted 29/3/2026.  
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Demographic Factors as Mediating and Moderating Variables in Explaining National Pride and National Belonging among Teachers   
Prof. Saif N. Al-Maamari      &                Hajar R. Al-Mazroui                   
Sultanate of Oman   
Abstract  
Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the role of demographic factors (gender, age, and economic level) as mediating and moderating variables in explaining national pride and national belonging among teachers in the Sultanate of Oman. Methodology: To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers developed a scale consisting of two main domains—national pride and national belonging—comprising a total of 20 items, with 13 items measuring national pride and 7 items measuring national belonging. The study sample consisted of 154 male and female teachers, who were selected using a random sampling method during the academic year (2024/2025). Results: The study results indicated that teachers’ levels of national pride and national belonging ranged from high to very high across all items, reflecting a strong attachment to these national values. The findings also showed that demographic variables (gender, age, and economic level) had no statistically significant effect on national pride, while age contributed partially to explaining national belonging, with no significant effect for gender or economic level. Mediation analysis revealed that economic level did not function as a mediating variable in the relationship between age and national pride, and moderation analysis indicated that age was not a moderating variable in the relationship between gender and national belonging. Conclusion: The study concludes that teachers exhibit high levels of national pride and national belonging, which are not substantially influenced by demographic factors. While age exerts a partial effect on national belonging, neither gender nor economic level shows a statistically significant impact.  
Keywords: Demographic factors, National pride, National belonging, Teachers.  
Submitted 11/1/2026, Accepted 9/4/2026.  
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School Bullying towards Students with Mild intellectual disabilities at mainstream Schools in Kuwait: Parents’ perspective  
Dr. Nouf S. Almarzouq                            Dr.  Bader J. Alqallaf  
State of Kuwait   
Abstract  
Objectives: The study aimed to identify the forms of school bullying and the extent of their prevalence toward students with mild intellectual disabilities integrated into special classes within regular schools in Kuwait, from the perspective of parents, specifically mothers. Methodology: A descriptive quantitative design was used. Data were collected from 80 through a mother’s questionnaire measuring verbal bullying, physical bullying, and its consequences. Results: Findings revealed high levels of bullying, particularly verbal and physical forms, which had negative social, psychological, and academic effects on students. Differences were found among schools in their awareness and responsiveness to bullying incidents. Effective strategies included continuous awareness programs, teacher training in behavior management, increased supervision during school activities, parental involvement, and clear school policies. Conclusion: The study recommends educating non-disabled students about bullying, promoting dialogue-based conflict resolution, providing moral and religious guidance to reduce aggression, and organizing seminars to raise awareness about the harmful effects of bullying on students with disabilities.  
Keywords: School bullying, mild intellectual disability, mother, perspective, Kuwait.  
Submitted 15/2/2026, Accepted 23/4/2026.   
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School Principals' Administrative Creativity and its Relationship to Administrative Performance in Kuwaiti Public Schools from the Teachers' Perspective   
 Dr. Maryam A. A. Al-Mazkour  
State of Kuwait   
Abstract   
Objectives: The study aimed to identify the degree of administrative creativity practice among public school principals in the State of Kuwait from the teachers' perspective, during the second semester of the academic year 2023-2024.   Methodology: To achieve this objective, the study adopted a descriptive correlational approach. A questionnaire was utilized as the primary instrument for data collection, consisting of 18 items in its final form. Results: The study revealed several findings, most notably that the degree to which school principals in Kuwait practice administrative creativity is high across all its dimensions (Originality, Fluency, and Flexibility). The dimensions of administrative creativity were ranked as follows: Fluency ranked first, followed by Flexibility, and finally Originality. Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences in teachers' perceptions regarding the Fluency dimension attributed to the sex variable, in favor of females.  Conclusion: Based on the findings, a set of recommendations and proposals for future studies was presented. Key recommendations included the necessity of planning to establish a specialized administration dedicated to measuring and examining progress, assessing the school's ability to achieve its goals, and evaluating its adaptability to the environment, growth, and sustainability. Additionally, the study recommended developing a plan to disseminate a supportive culture that provides all necessary means for employees to work flexibly and creatively, thereby granting teachers sufficient space for creativity, innovation, and renewal.  
Keywords: Administrative Creativity, Administrative Performance, Public Education Schools, Kuwait.  
Submitted 17/12/2025, Accepted 27/4/2026.   
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Employing Artificial Intelligence in Kuwait's General Education: Examining Cognitive Engagement, Professional Attitudes, Risks of Digital Drilling, and Ethical Challenges    
Prof. Abeer A. AlHoly                                   Dr. Moneera M. Sharar   
State of Kuwait   
Abstract  
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the reality of employing artificial intelligence (AI) tools in general education in Kuwait from the perspective of general schoolteachers. The analysis focuses on cognitive interaction, digital rote learning, professional attitudes, and ethical challenges. Methodology: Adopting a descriptive- analytical approach within a quantitative research framework, a survey was administered to a purposively selected sample of 252 teachers working in Kuwaiti general schools across all educational stages, kindergarten, primary, intermediate, and secondary.  The research evaluates the use of AI tools in Kuwait's public schools from teachers' perspectives and examines variations by gender, experience, and specialization. Findings reveal increasing professional awareness and attitudes toward organized educational integration, along with a clear understanding of ethical concerns, including privacy, integrity, and transparency. Results: The study presents a dual perspective on AI's impact: it enhances interaction and the variety of activities, but it also raises concerns about reduced critical thinking and increased digital rote learning. No statistically significant differences were found across demographic variables, reflecting a general professional consensus. Conclusion: The study recommends transitioning from mere technology adoption to conscious educational governance that ensures AI is utilized as an indispensable priority to support deep learning.  
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive interaction, Professional attitudes, general education, Ethical Challenges Kuwait.  
Submitted 12/3/2026, Accepted 29/4/2026.  
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A proposed strategy for integrating students with disabilities into public schools in the State of Kuwait in light of some contemporary international experiences  
Dr. Mohammed S. Alsaboog   
State of Kuwait  
Abstract  
Objectives: The study aimed to develop a proposed strategy for integrating students with disabilities into public schools in the State of Kuwait in light of some contemporary international experiences. The study tool was a questionnaire that was applied to a sample of (school principal, department head, teacher) consisting of 121 individuals.  Methodology: Methodology: The study used the descriptive analytical method. Results: The study reached a number of results: The system ranged between 2.60 - 3.07, indicating that the statements were at an average level. The school also ranged between 2.58 - 2.88, and the degree of availability tended towards a level. The teacher the study also showed that the mean of the of the family ranged between 2.72 - 3.10, the family ranged between 2.39 - 3.00, the community partnerships ranged between 2.44 - 3.08, and the follow-up and evaluation mechanisms ranged between 2.44 - 3.06. The availability of the was average, there were no differences between the responses of the sample members according to the study variables (job title, number of years of experience).  Conclusion, the study's findings indicate moderate levels of availability across various dimensions related to the inclusion of students with disabilities in Kuwaiti public schools. The study underscores the importance of developing a comprehensive strategy that fosters collaboration among all stakeholders. Kuwait can enhance its inclusion environment and provide greater support for teachers, students, and their families.  
Keywords: Inclusive students, people with disabilities, experiences, contemporary, general education, Kuwait. 
Submitted 14/12/2025, Accepted 30/4/2026.  
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