Endowment Inscription Dated 776 AH / 1374 CE at the Bahrain National Museum (A Jurisprudential-Archaeological Study).

Résumé

The widespread use of stone inscriptions, often placed on facades, entrances, and minaret summits, aimed to protect against theft, damage, or falsification of endowment records. This research focuses on examining the remaining inscription in Bahrain known as the "Endowment Inscription" dating back to 776 AH/1374 CE, and discovered in Al-Musallah village near Al-Khamis Mosque. The inscription written in Thuluth script through raised engraving on two sandstone pieces, is of particular interest.

The study seeks to analyze the inscription from archaeological and jurisprudential perspectives, delving into the endower's definition, the endowed object, the endowment formula (including titles), endowment types, spending considerations, and conditions for disbursement. The research challenge revolves around identifying the nature of the endowed object and specified locations in the endowment formula, along with exploring their current status.

The study concludes with noteworthy results. The distinctive styles of the first and second inscriptions suggest the involvement of two different individuals. The first inscription amalgamates two formulas: one documenting the mosque's restoration and the other representing the endowment formula.

While the endower's identity remains unknown, the titles mentioned in the inscription (The Honorable Mr. Khawaja...) hint that the individual may have been one of the administrators managing the country's affairs during the 8th century AH/14th century CE.